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Transport has significant role to play in accelerating urban mobility .Urban mobility has
different dimensions i.e. mobility for work, education, recreation and other needs;
mobility by public, private and personalized modes; and mobility through facilitation of
various transport infrastructure and services provided by the authorities concerned. In
this context, the role of various modes of public transport in a city is of paramount
importance for achieving efficient movement pattern but the same can not be achieved
without modal integration of public transport in conjunction with non-motorized modes
such as pedestrians, bicycles and cycle rickshaws. Hence, there is a felt need to
evolve multi modal transport system particularly for metropolitan cities through proper
integration of existing modes and design of physical infrastructures.
Multi Modal Transport System is an integrated approach to incorporate all components
of urban transport into a single coordinated, planned and operational system for
efficient use of available transport resources and infrastructure to ensure better
mobility within a wide range of mode choices. It relates to a single trip consisting of a
combination of modes i.e. vehicular (bus, metro, car, BRTS, etc) or service modes
(private/public/personalized) between which commuter has to make a transfer (i.e.
change of mode) at transfer points. In other words, a multi modal transport system
may be defined as one which enables performing a complete trip from origin to
destination by a variety of modes depending on time, cost, weather conditions and
the level of comfort desired. Further, seamlesstravel is a pre-requisite of the system.
The population of Delhi is estimated to grow from 13.8 million (2001) to 23 million
(2021). In the same period, intra city vehicular trips perday are estimated to grow from
10.7 million to 24.7 million. If about 15% inter city trips are added, the total trips to be
catered by 2021 will be about 28.7 million per day. Thus 80% of these trips i.e. 24
million are required to be carried by the public transport by 2021. The present bus
services, metro rail and integrated rail and bus transport (IRBT), if implemented as
planned together, are estimated to carry about 15 million trips per day by 2021. Thus 9
million trips perday must be additionally catered to by other means of public transport.
Hence it is necessary to take appropriate steps for optimally using the carrying
capacity of public transport modes and their proper integration with other modes.
Of late, share of public transport in Delhi has declined to 43% as compared to the
desirable figure of 70-75% .Now-a-days; there is rise in the number of middle class
population desirous of owning personalized modes. Further, automobile companies
have also been coming up with new models of cars such as TATA's NANO, Bajaj
Auto's Ultra Low-cost Mini-Car, etc at affordable price. Hence, personalized vehicles
have been increasing. It is important to synchronize metro, bus, personalized modes,
e/cto evolve multi modal transport system along with non-motorized transport.
The objectives of the study are as follows: (i) to study key parameters with respect to
quality of public transport system with the aim to reduce commuter dissatisfaction in
multi modal transport framework; (ii) to evolve multi modal transport system by
physical integration of different modes of mass transport particularly metro and bus;
(iii) to understand travel behavior characteristics of the commuters (i.e. develop mode
choice model) for analyzing travel demand of multi modal transport system; (iv) To
develop methodology for integration of non-motorized transport with multi modal
transport system and (v) to formulate policy guidelines for multi modal transport
system. The critical appraisal of past research papers is limited to the objectives of the
study and the same are reviewed with a view to appreciating the lessons learnt.
At present, Line I of Delhi Metro is fully operational and the same has been selected
as study corridor. Five metro stations i.e. Rithala, Rohini (West), Pitampura Inderlok
and Kashmere Gate have been selected where primary survey was conducted and
methodology developed.
The quality of service is reflected in the commuter' degree of satisfaction due to transit
performance which is an area of concern for transit operators, customer service
personnel, transit planners, transit facilitators, etc. Hence, the quantification of
commuter satisfaction at three different locations has been done by selecting
appropriate attributes. The Impact Score Method has been adapted to measure
commuter' satisfaction. Higher the score, lesser the satisfaction associated with these
attributes. The analysis and results have identified various attributes which cause least
satisfaction to the commuter and requires greater attention by the transit authority.
Accordingly, improvement measurements have been suggested for all three locations.
The physical integration of bus at metro station has been studied at Rithala station in
terms of inter modal transfer, weather protected transit shelter, parking facilities,
pedestrian movement, covered path ways, etc. Adequate space is needed at the
ground for interchange facilities around bus stops and metro stations for smooth
transfer of commuters from bus routes to metro. Park and Ride facilities need to be
provided at the metro stations to promote transit ridership in terms of personalized
vehicles and to use metro. Based on this study, an improved layout for integration of
metro and bus has been proposed.
Delhi has multi modal transport system and commuters are mainly dependent on bus,
metro, personalized modes, etc. Primary survey has been conducted and data related
to work-journey has been analyzed in Multi Nomial Logit(MNL) through TransCAD to
assess mode choice behavior of the commuter on Delhi Metro Line I. In-Vehicle-
Travel-Time (IVTT), Out-Vehicle-Travel-Time (OVTT) and Travel Cost (Cost) are taken
as attributes. The multi logit regression gives a calibrated utility function for travel by
each mode which further defines probability of mode choice for the commuter.
Sensitivity analysis based on 'changes in cost' and 'change in OVTT' have been done
and accordingly 'change in metro and bus rider ship' may be achieved.
Integration of non-motorized transport (NMT i.e. pedestrians, bicycles and cycle
rickshaws) has been suggested in both design measures and policy options. The
studysuggests various measures to reduce vulnerability of non-motorized users.
Due to implementation of metro, commuters shifted from road based modes to metro
due to less congestion, accident free scenario, less pollution, as well as savings in
travel time and cost. In this research work, investigation has been done to assess the
time saved and cost saved due to modal shift. Transport is a State Government
subject and hence promotion of public transport and enhancement of its modal share
depends on policy decisions taken by local authorities and concerned transport
department. Hence, formulation of multi modal transport is an important step to
promote such a concept in medium sized cities also. The multi modal transport policy
integration with other sectors such as education, health, real estate, etc can help to
achieve a more inclusive society. The study also deals with policy matters related to
pedestrians, bicycles, cycle rickshaws, personalized modes, local environment, setting
up of dedicated urban transport fund at city level and state level, institutional
framework, national level data bank: national urban transport information system,
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planning norms, strategies for improvement of sustainable transport, art and aesthetics
in transit, control of car traffic, transport as a multi-sectoral policy, etc.
The applications of this research works are many. The results may be used to
enhance the reputation and image of public transport as well as planning and design
of such multi modal transport system in medium sized cities. |
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