The stability of hydraulic structures founded on permeable soil has to be ensured against forces caused by percolating water. The seepage water exerts uplift pressure below the structure and tends to remove the soil particles ...

Development of Irrigation involves heavy investments. Lack of rational pricing policy has led to many misgivings. This may be attributed to the complexities involved in the process as well as inadequate attention by planners ...

The inherent uncertainties in tunnelling which may be due to geological formations, management effectiveness and equipment performance need to be studied through stochastic modelling. The conventional deterministic approach ...