Development is a planned and dynamic process encompassing multiple actions and orientations that affect the environment, community and quality of life. Planning and development covers all the spatial manifestations of ...

In earliest times, heat and cold discomfort were the normal conditions for most people, when individuals relied upon clothing to maintain thermal equilibrium. Recent trends, however, depend upon the production of artificial ...

Though the practice/profession of architecture is as old as the beginning of human civilization, the profession has undergone extensive growth and changes since then. As architecture is linked with people and places, ...

Architecture developed in this industrial age is highly dependant on mechanical controls resulting in high level of energy consumption. Buildings consume a lot of energy, which is primarily used for heating, cooling, ...

Beauty, utility and technical support are the three fundamental parts which when combined cohesively create meaningful architecture. The approach and appreciation towards beauty or aesthetics in part depended upon the ...

Urban planning and management, both requires intensive information handling for decision-making. The poor information, limited integration and sharing poses difficulty in the plan implementation and its monitoring. The ...

An urban system comprises several interacting subsystems, such as, urban area, population, residential and non-residential units, industries, trade & commerce, infrastructure, transportation and administration, and ...

Earthquake is a natural phenomenon; its fury is unparalleled in its destructiveness. It leaves behind ruined settlements, causes destruction of the built environment and creates several human problems. Earthquake disasters ...

The fact that residential land uses are being engulfed by the invading economic forces, in a competitive urban land market is well known. Yet, it continues to remain as the basic requisite of all settlements and consequently, ...

Integrated Rural Development involves policies and programmes for the development of rural areas with the ultimate aim of achieving a fuller utilisation of the available physical and human resources resulting in higher ...