IMPACT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE ON SMART GRID

Abstract

Alternative vehicles, such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, are becoming more popular. The batteries of these plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are to be charged at home from a standard outlet or on a corporate car park. These extra electrical loads have an impact on the distribution grid like power quality issues, voltage deviation and power loss. First of all a bidirectional electric vehicle battery charger which operates in all four quadrants of P-Q (Active-Reactive) plane. The charger is composed of full bridge AC-DC converter and bi-directional DC-DC converter to operate in G2V mode. Secondly a solar PV (Photo-voltaic) array based EV (Electric Vehicle) charger is presented, which has a bidirectional flow of active and reactive powers. The proposed charger uses a solar PV array energy to charge the EV battery and to feed the grid with the remaining power. In this charger, the VSC (Voltage Source Converter) does the task of harnessing the maximum power from the solar PV array. At the time of high cost of energy, the charger has the provision to inject the battery energy into the grid to earn revenue. In addition to the active power exchange with the grid, the proposed charger also exchanges the reactive power with the grid, simultaneously. In all operating modes, the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of the grid current remains within the IEEE 519 standard. The proposed charger is designed for a single phase 230V, 50Hz supply.