SURFACE ADHESIVES FOR REMOVAL OF KIDNEY STONE FRAGMENTS

Abstract

Current technologies implemented for removing kidney stones are complex and doesnot achieve 100% removal of kidney stones. The objective of this project is to prepare formulations of bio adhesives for removing kidney stone fragments that were left in the patient's body after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy(PCNL) and ureteroscopy that pose significant morbidity to the 10 patient with urinary stones with upto 50 % requiring intervention within 5 years. Two kinds of nanoparticles were chosen for this study i.e., citrate coated gold nanoparticles and PVA coated iron oxide nanoparticles .Their surface properties were modified by coating them with various concentrations of Polydopamine(P-DOPA). Dopamine undergoes self-polymerization under mild basic conditions forming P-DOPA onto various organic and inorganic materials. Nanoparticles were immersed into dopamine solution at mild basic conditions in Tris buffer which leads to uniform coating of P-DOPA onto nanoparticles. These prepared samples were analysed using Dynamic Light Scattering and UV Spectroscopy. Polymerization reaction of P-DOPAonto nanoparticles was controlled by varying the ph of the buffer. On reducing the ph of solution P-DOPA coated nanoparticles were found to be iW aggregating which might be proven useful for improved iron loading efficiencies onto kidney stone fragments. Stability studies of P-DOPA coated nanoparticles for one week has been conducted. Adhesion of P-DOPA with kidney stone has been established by preparing Human Kidney stone pellet. Kidney stones, collected from Tan Tock Seng Hospital,Singapore, were crushed with pestle motar and pellet was prepared using Hydraulic press of ETIR .P-DOPA was coated onto these pellets and P-DOPA adhesion with kidney stone has been proved. In conclusion P-DOPA has been proved to be an ideal polymer for extracting kidney stone fragments.