CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

Abstract

Increased awareness towards protecting our environment from the adverse affects of thoughtless development has led to the need of sustainable development. Buildings substantially influence the environment due to their higher consumption of energy and waste generation capacity. Technology employed for using these materials in the building influences energy requirements of the building in its lifetime. Thus, selection of appropriate building materials and technology, along with proper planning and design of built environment, are essential for a sustainable development. Traditional buildings have withstood natural hazards and environmental impacts over centuries and sustained themselves in their original form. Many landmarks witness the century long knowledge which was originated from the needs of the people and the local conditions. The significance of traditional techniques in the hilly region increases due to the fragile ecology and geographical restrictions. But with the changing times and new developments in the technologies and materials, traditional materials and techniques have become redundant in the present context. Modem materials like brick and cement are gaining acceptance in the hills due to their easy availability. But these modem houses have not adapted themselves to the local climatic conditions and seismic restrictions. So, there is increased demand for techniques which are sensitive to the local climate and geographical conditions and caters to the aspirations of the people. For the purpose of this study, the traditional and modem techniques prevalent in the region of Himachal Pradesh are studied and assessed for their appropriateness in the present context. Traditional knowledge of climate responsiveness and seismic suitability should be combined with latest materials and construction technology for a sustainable construction.