PIPE DISCHARGE WITH LOW ENTRANCE HEAD

Abstract

Pipes are frequently used for conveyance of fluids. Most of the times pipes flow full, but ,for low entrance heads only a part of length of the pipe may flow full. This type of flow is termed as transition • flow, A tunnel taken off for diverting the river water during the construction of a dam may have very low entrance heads causing transition flow, besides conventional pipe flow and open channel flow. Out of these three types of flows possible in a pipe only closed conduit flow has been studied in detail. In the present investigation the equation govern-ing the discharge of transition flow has been obtained. This being a complicated equation, involving an integral to be evaluated numerically with lower limit being an implicit function of discharge, it has to be solved by trial and error method for determination of discharge. A computer program is written to determine the discharge. The influence of various parameters is also studied in this investigation.