GIS BASED WATER BALANCE STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

Abstract

Success of an irrigation system depends on efficient water management. Irrigation is required to obtain high crop yield through optimum scheduling of water application on farms. The objective is to deliver water to the farms in an equitable manner, to ensure maximum agriculture production using optimum quantity of water which is delivered in a predetermined schedule so that the soil moisture is kept in the optimum range and does not fall to the stress level. This dissertation work has been taken up with the following objectives: i) To develop spatially distributed water balance model. ii) Identification of crop areas using remote sensing techniques. iii) Determination of water stress condition and supplementary water requirements on a real time basis so as to plan the water delivery for irrigation supply. GIS technique has been used for data management, topographical study, ground water study, assessment of stress condition and supplementary water requirement in the agriculture command of Itarsi distributory in Tawa irrigation project in Madhya Pradesh. Satellite Remote Sensing is very useful and cost effective for large area. In the present study, the attention was concentrated on the application of Satellite Remote Sensing in crop identification/area estimation in the focus area. Multi spectral satellite imageries (premonsoon and postmonsoon, 1988) of IRS-1A LISS-I, have been used for crop identification and estimation of crop areas. With availability of imageries at regular interval the information of crop areas can be updated at shorter intervals, avoiding tedious, time consuming conventional techniques.