APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS

Abstract

Improvements in hydrological studies and hydraulic phenomena were felt to be an important necessity from times immemorial. With the increase in research activities in the field of hydraulic engineering it was found necessary to uti-lise the highly improved thehniques of closeup photogrammetry and photogrammetry in general. With the taking up of the wa-ter utilization and water regulatory schemes, a dire necessity was. t to have the precise knowledge of several hydrological factors and phenomena involved therein. The answer to all this is application of photogrammetry and photo-interpretation tech-niques. For almost all hydrologic and hydraulic studies photo-grammetry provides methods and secures results with maximum eco-nomy in time and money and with a better standard of accuracy. Consequently, the conventional methods are becoming obsolete. The first chapter of the dissertation work introduces the problem of study, describes its scopes and enumerates the limitations to this study. It also describes the importance of application of photogrammetry to the hydrologic and hydraulic studies. The second and third chapters deal with the 'Photo-hydrology' i.e. applications of photogrammetry and photointer-pretation to the various phases of hydrological studies and investigations. Various phases of hydrological cycle and snow surveys have been dealt with in detail with application of pho-togrammetry to it. Applications of photogrammetry to Ground-water and surface water studies with their importance, hydro-graphic and oceanographic surveying, water utilisation and watex regulatory studies etc. are the important discussions carried out in these chapters. The discussions pertaining to the fourth chapter of the dissertation work is the application of photogrammetry to hydraulic studies and their varied researches. The real credit in this field goes to the high speed photography, colour photo-graphy, shadowgraphy and schlieren photography. Presently the developments under the marine environ-ments are immense, especially determination of underwater depth, the water current velocity, the water current patterns etc. Photogrammetry has gone a long way towards helping them. All these have been dealt with in detail in the fifth chapte Last,but not the least, is the concluding chapter which tells about the application of photogrammetry in hydro-logy and hydraulics with reference to our own country, which is, unfortunately, lagging behind in understanding the real potentiality of photogrammetry. The author' hopes that the authorities of photogrammetry in our country will take leading steps to come at par with other nations of the world and will not cast upon it a sight of negligence. -« 0