PRESENT STATUS OF RESE ARCH OF SOME IMPORTANT IRRIGATED CROPS IN INDIA

Abstract

The reason India cannot grow enough food for her people is primarily because her crop yields per hectare and production per animal are the lowest in the world. There are many reasons for low yields, includ-ing the lack of proper application of scientific methods, drought, wet weather, insufficient irrigation water, poor seed, disease, insects, weedy fields, exhausted soils, poverty, ignorance, and inertia of India formars to adopt new techniques. After independence many Research Institutions have been establish-ed all over the country to improve the total production of the country and to modify the western farm technology to suit the Indian climatic condi-tions and socio-economic needs. These Research Stations have done a lot of creditible work in India and have brought in the green revolution in the country. The new type of hybrid seeds have been developed to suit the Indian climate and have also educate the farmers to produce more through the extension service department. In the last two decades a lot have been achieved but much more has to be done to make the country which is so rich in natural resources, land, water sun light, etc., not only self sufficient, but to be surplus in food. The aim of this dissertation is to review the research work done so far by these organisation for important irrigated crops. The factors which effects the plants growth a1 d. ultimately yields are : 9 (1) Variety (High yield or local) (2) Soil Texture (3) Soil Structure (4) Soil Moisture (5) Soil Reaction (Acidic, Alkaline or Saline) (6) Soil Fertility (7) Climate and there are a lot of interaction among these factors. Therefore the problem of maximising and optimising the crop yield is very complicated, and it is often difficult to isolate the effect of one single factor. In the second and third Chapters the effects of the factors effecting plant growth and yield are compiled from the notable text books. In Chapter Four the uptodate research work done and reported in the different Journals and I.C.A.R. Publications have been reported for only three crops i.e. wheat, rice and maize. However it has not been possible as yet, to study the effects of all the factors and interaction of these crops so far as field experiments are very time consuming and laborious......