SUSTAINABLE ENERGY STRATEGY OF INDIA A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION

Abstract

In this study the sustainable energy strategy of India based on six different energy (electricity) sources viz. coal, oil, gas, hydro, nuclear and RES (Renewable Energy Sources) is strategically and comprehensively evaluated. Secondary data were obtained through content analysis approach and expert discussions using criteria's and subcriteria's. This thesis looks at various parameters that influence the energy demand in India and visualize the energy and environmental outlook in the years 2020 AD. India has enormous potential of renewable energy sources and number of technologies have been urbanized to tie together them. An amount of total capacity 18454.52 MW has been installed in the country for the various RETs (renewable energy technologies) such as biomass, small hydro, solar photovoltaic, wind, etc. Subsequent to the energy disaster of the near beginning seventies and the delayed eighties, energy protection and conservation understood remarkable significance in the Indian manufacturing. In recent years, there has been a growing concern about global warming due to the increased concentration of green-house gases and the resulting socio-economic impacts. The present study on "sustainable energy strategy of India - a comprehensive evaluation" was taken up in the year of 2007. Indian Planning Commission, Government of India has also shown their interest in similar research initiatives to explore the new energy strategy of India and its sustainability. Even planning commission is responsible for implementation of such energy strategies for betterment of the country. The prices of fossil fuels, particularly oil and natural gas, have risen sharply over the past few years, as a result, alternative sources of energy - used specifically in electricity generation and i transportation are increasing much attention. Even though they still get together only a small profit of comprehensive energy requirement, the new commercially feasible nonconventional energy resources are rising fast, attracting major investors for gorgeous long standing opportunities in the energy sector. The present study has taken into consideration the factors of energy management processes namely - management commitment, strategic planning, monitoring measurement & continual improvement, resource management, process management, reduction in specific energy, resource optimization, waste management, reduction in pollution, green supply chain and use of energy for the evolution of comprehensive energy strategy containing six major energy sources viz. coal, oil, gas, hydro, nuclear and RES (renewable energy sources). The present study is divided into 6 chapters classified as under: The Chapter 1 contains an exhaustive Introduction. The energy concept is well described in the context of definitions and types of energy concept used in energy management. Energy management and its influence with respect to internal and external environmental changes are described. Role of different energy (electricity) sources has been reported. General energy scenario has been studied with the help of definitions and concepts provided by different researchers. The relationship of energy market in India and India's growth of energy has been explained as a significant phenomenon connecting with energy strategy and sustainable development. The energy strategy concepts pertaining to India and India's power potential has been studied with an objective to understand role of energy sources. The relationship of energy sources with their viability according to energy professionals has been studied. The sustainable environment and conservation of energy practices were narrated. Energy strategies, impact of positive changes and motivation towards energy management processes were discussed in the context of managerial ii decision in energy sector. The influence of energy management practices like enhanced cost competitiveness, improved profitability, conservation of natural energy resources have been reported. The world energy scenario has been studied with an objective to compare and find out the criteria's and sub-criteria's of energy strategy. The relationship of energy mix- an Indian and International has been elaborated. Managerial decision making in energy management, roles and skills have been described for better understanding. Efficiency and conservation of energy - dimensions and initiatives were also touched upon with country experiences and practices. The chapter 2 deals with the literature review relating to the search of concepts useful for the evolution of the study. The research papers related to the energy sector, energy security in India, energy conservation, energy efficiency, alternative energy approaches have been carefully reviewed. The relevant research papers were reported and discussed to establish the building concepts for the study. The literature review opened the scope of the present study as no such study has been reported in the Indian context. The literature review has been divided into three sections - i) concise awareness on energy strategy, ii) Indian issues on energy, and iii) global view on India's energy strategy, for better representation. The chapter ends with the need ofthe objectives ofthe present study and given a brief idea about the approach used for data collection from literature review. The chapter 3, the objectives, describes the comparative evaluation of all sources of energy through methodology. The methodology, illustrates the numbers and level of samples, the data collection tools. The chapter also explains different criteria's and subcriteria's used to the fulfillment of objectives and associated hypotheses with them. The chapter 4 reveals the data presentation and data analysis techniques used to check different hypothesis. iii The chapter 5 shows the results and discussion. The results are presented with the support of relevant studies. The relationship amongst the hypothesis is also reported in the study. The chapter ends with the explanation of the results found from the study and their accomplishments. Thus, energy management processes and utilization of energy sources reliably predicts the energy strategy formation. Hence, no single strategy is applicable for sustainable development of the country, as it varies from the selection and prioritization of energy resources according to the role of organizations with them. This chapter also presents a matrix of energy strategies in line with famous BCG matrix. Finally the chapter 6 concludes, summarizes, and provides suggestions, implications and the limitations of the study with future research concept at last. This chapter presents discussion of one of the most popular and sustainable energy strategy that is prioritization of RES for energy needs on the basis of famous five- force model of Michael Porter.