LEAD-FREE DOUBLE PEROVSKITES FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Hybrid halide perovskite materials have piqued the curiosity of many researchers as promising semiconductor materials for optoelectronic applications. In terms of optoelectronic performance, single crystalline halide perovskites, with no grain boundaries and considerably low trap densities, are projected to surpass polycrystalline film equivalents. However, the majority of research has focused on lead-based perovskite materials, and their toxicity as well as insufficient operational stability have been significant limiting factors impeding commercialization. Lead-free perovskite single crystals have gotten a lot of attention as a potential substitute, with multiple articles demonstrating its performance in a variety of detecting applications. This work aims to present a complete study of lead-free bismuth halide double perovskite crystals. This includes studies of growth and basic properties, structure-property relationships between cations and anions, and structure-property relationships between cations and anions. This aims the study of fundamental properties, structure-property relationships with cation and anion transformations, charge carrier dynamics, and photophysical studies of excited states using light electrospectroscopy technology, photodetection, and X-ray detection performance.