DESIGN IMPLICATION OF E-RICKSHAWS ON AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE: A CASE OF ROORKEE CITY

Abstract

The study presents comprehensive research into the exposure of drivers and commuters to air pollutants in E-Rickshaws in the city of Roorkee. The study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing air pollutant exposure inside E-Rickshaws, quantify and assess pollutant exposure levels considering different influencing factors, and analyze the concentrations of pollutants in relation to the identified factors. The methodology employed follows a systematic approach, including a literature review, surveys, and data collection. A total of 27 trips were conducted on a selected study route, using three different types of E-Rickshaws and three specific seating positions. Air quality monitoring was carried out using portable devices, capturing PM2.5, PM10, and particle count data. The study route encompassed various land uses and activity zones, providing insights into the concentrations of pollutants in different areas. The findings indicate that factors such as vehicle design, seating positions, diurnal and meteorological variations, and land use contribute to PM exposure. Windshields were found to have a dual effect, blocking incoming air and pollutants while creating an air vacuum. Among the E-Rickshaws studied, those with improved windshield design showed lower PM concentrations and provided a better-controlled environment. Commercial and transit hub areas exhibited higher PM concentrations, while residential and secluded areas had lower concentrations. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers, including implementing regulations on E-Rickshaw design, promoting alternative transportation modes, enhancing urban planning strategies, raising public awareness, strengthening monitoring systems, encouraging research and innovation, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders. The limitations of the study, such as sample size, measurement methods, and additional influencing factors, are also discussed. Future research could expand the sample size, explore advanced monitoring devices, consider other influencing factors, and conduct comparative analyses with other modes of transportation. The findings and recommendations of this study contribute to addressing air pollution exposure in E-Rickshaws and promoting a healthier and more sustainable environment for users and the general public.