Characterizing spatiotemporal dynamics in Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity (SUHII) for cities of India

Abstract

Urban heat island (UHI) affects human health and even cause death. UHI has been studied for the last 40 years, but the study based on climate zone, tiers of the city, and socioecological is significantly less. Moreover, for Indian cities also, their analysis is significantly less. This study includes 76 Indian cities, which includes tier 1 and tier 2 of the city. And the result was correlated to the agroclimatic zone and socioecological aspect. There are six agro-climatic zones in India, i.e., arid, coastal, humid-per humid, island, semi-arid, and sub-humid. However, this study selected cities that fall into five climatic zones except for the island. The study period is 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021 and it includes two seasons, summer, and winter. Surface urban cool island seen in all four times for arid. All the sciences and theory are satisfied by only Tier 1 cities; Tier 2 cities do not satisfy that relation, but the LST(Urban) of Tier 2 cities is increasing at an alarming rate. In the socioecological aspect, this study includes in-migrants, population NDVI, and NDBI. Cities with higher in-migrants show high LST. LST ranges from 19.65 degrees Celsius to -4.02 degrees Celsius in summer and 7.75 degrees Celsius to -2.8 degrees Celsius in the winter, and in the top ten cities in summer and winter, there is no tier 1 city. LST for summer 68/76 and winter 67/76 cities, but in the case of multi-city analysis, NDVI and NDBI do not show the usual theory. The findings from this research will help for future in-depth research and will finally help in climatic adaptive strategy for different cities in different climatic zones of the city.