YEAST IMMOBILIZED SILK FIBROIN NANOPARTICLE FOR BIOFLAVOR PRODUCTION FROM ORANGE PEEL HYDROLYSATE

Abstract

The flavor is an important food attribute that helps to enhance food quality and sensory features. It can be extracted from a natural source or can be produced artificially. It can be isolated from plants, fruit peel waste, animal sources, chemically synthesized, or biologically conversion of precursor into bio-flavor compounds, including volatile acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and esters. Chemical synthesis of flavors results in the environmentally unfriendly production process, racemic mixtures. So, there is a preference for natural ingredients and alternative routes for flavor production. Nowadays, more attention is being focused on producing flavors via biological pathways, including the de novo microbial process or conversion of natural precursors with microbial cells or enzymes. Bio-flavors are made naturally with the help of microorganisms and plant cells by using their metabolic pathways or enzymatic system with the help of Bioprocessing engineering. Synthesizing flavors via biological routes adds to the high manufacturing and product cost due to the expensive substrates used, low product yield, high product recovery. So, to reduce this high manufacturing and product cost, immobilization of the cell is used as it enhances the cell's reusability, protection against inhibitory substances, and easy purification. The study aimed to investigate the production of fruity aroma volatile esters (ethyl hexanoate, ethyl decanoate) from orange peel using free yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Nanoparticle immobilized yeast cell. The orange peel hydrolysate contains the D-limonene, toxic to yeast hydrolysis byproducts (like phenolic compounds, carboxylic compounds), which interferes during the bioprocess performance. To overcome this, we use silk fibroin nanoparticles for immobilizing cells. Silk fibroin (SF) is biodegradable and biocompatible. They have received much attention in the field of pharmaceuticals and medicine. SF is considered excellent material for cell adhesion, proliferation, and immobilization of the enzymes.