Synthesis and Analysis for Development of E-waste based Microwave Absorbing Materials

Abstract

Embarking on the intricate exploration of microwave absorbers parallels the process of elucidating a three-dimensional puzzle—an intellectual journey where materials undergo a transformative learning experience, acquiring the capability to interact with and absorb electromagnetic (EM) waves. In the world of microwaves and materials, the challenge lies in exploring materials that can independently engage with and absorb EM waves. Just as humans navigate and understand their surroundings, microwave absorbers navigate the invisible waves that surround us, revealing a captivating synergy between materials and the EM realm. The development of microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) has played a crucial role, serving dual purposes in military and civilian applications. MAMs are expected to possess qualities such as being lightweight, thin, cost-effective, broadband, and versatile. In recent decades, the synergetic effect of dielectric and magnetic materials, coupled with advances in nanotechnology, has led to the creation of composite materials and engineered structures with unique EM properties. This development has resulted in more effective microwave absorption. Today, microwave absorbers are continually evolving, driven by ongoing research efforts focused on improving their performance, durability, and sustainability. This intellectual journey requires an exploration of the detailed physics governing these interactions. Moreover, a thorough grasp of the properties of materials, such as conductivity, dielectric characteristics, magnetic properties, morphology, and their synthesis process, becomes instrumental in crafting materials capable of adeptly engaging with and absorbing EM waves. In the dynamic exploration of diverse synthesis methods and materials, encompassing both chemical entities and waste-derived materials for MAMs, notable progress has been achieved. Within the innovative environment, persistent research gaps require closer examination, necessitating a deeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing the interaction of unconventional materials—ranging from chemical compositions to waste materials—with EM waves. A notable gap in current research pertains to the insufficient exploration of microwave absorption properties, particularly in relation to morphology. There is a need to explore more systematic studies in the utilization of electronic waste (e-waste) for microwave absorption, emphasizing comprehensive investigations in this domain. Additionally, very few literature is available on the effects of ball milling on both morphology and the properties of materials designed for microwave absorption from various sources, posing a notable research gap. The limited exploration of comprehensive analysis on the mixing of materials in e-waste for the purpose of enhancing microwave absorption performance further underscores the need for in-depth exploration. Moreover, the exploration of broadband capabilities and coating thickness using EM techniques accentuates the gaps in the existing research landscape within the realm of microwave absorption.