NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLUID FLOW, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER OF POWER-LAW NANOFLUID USING HYBRID APPROACH

Abstract

Rapid developments in nanotechnology have ushered in a new era of heat transfer fluids known as nanofluids. Nanofluids are generated by spreading nanoparticles, such as metal-oxide spheres, metals, or carbon nanotubes, throughout conventional heat transfer fluids. Nanofluids, whose nanoparticle diameters typically range between 1 and 100 nanometers, can potentially enhance heat transfer rates in various fields. Nanofluids have the potential to significantly increase heat transfer efficiency in industrial cooling applications, nuclear reactors, transportation industries (including trucks, automobiles, and airplanes), and biomedical applications such as cancer therapeutics and nano-drug delivery. Recently, many researchers have conducted sufficient theoretical and experimental research on enhancing heat transfer in nanofluids. Several theoretical models for determining the thermal conductivity of nanofluids have been proposed. Although many potential mechanisms have been proposed in the scientific literature, there is no conclusive description of the atypical behavior of nanofluids, which includes greater thermal conductivity and viscosity. In addition, the literature describes two mathematical models for solving convective heat transfer problems in nanofluids: (1) the single-phase model and (2) the two-phase model. In singlephase modeling, the physical properties of nanofluids are described as a function of the properties of both constituents and their concentrations. In contrast, in two-phase modeling, the physical properties of nanofluids are modeled using a different slip mechanism that arises due to the motion of nanoparticles.