ULTRA-FAST CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Abstract

Ultra-fast charging for EVs is an approach by which EVs are charged in a very short duration of time. EVs are a good substitute for petrol and diesel vehicles. To reduce the carbon emission in the environment market are more focused on manufacturing EVs. The demand of EVs increases day by day, therefore, to charge these EVs in a very short time charger ultra-fast charger should be made. There are different types of chargers already available in the market but due to different manufacturing approaches and lack of infrastructure in India compared to other country fail to gain the focus of customers and expand their market. This report mainly focused on ultra-fast charging infrastructure in India and other countries and compares the gap between them. It also shows a brief description of these standards. There is a different type of protocols that should be fallow to build these fast chargers for example CHAdeMO, CCS, etc. The comparison should give a clearer idea of the selection. Various converter topologies and classification of chargers should be given a clearer realization of selection to build these fast chargers. This report gives a brief about the best and optimal solution to make these chargers more effective, and to charge large numbers of EVs in the market. It should be more users friendly, reliable, and safer to use. A study of unidirectional and bidirectional converters is carried out and comes to the result that for bidirectional power flow we have to use a Dual Active Bridge converter in place of an LLC converter. LLC converter output is controlled by varying switching frequency and operate near the response’s frequency, therefore complexity to operate this converter is more. Whereas for Dual Active bridge output dc-link voltage is controlled by varying phase shift and due to this phase shift power control is dependent just like in a power system, the greater will be the phase shift greater will be the power flow. In DAB due to the lagging nature of current, it is easy to maintain a zero voltage Converter (ZVS).