THE CALCULATION OF THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF ELECTRICITY AND CEMENT PRODUCTION IN INDIA

Abstract

As we know, in today's world, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions become very serious problem due to its adverse effect on-climate. Energy production in India is also responsible for more than 50% of CO2 emissions in India. As we all know for growth of any country directly depends on its energy production and consumption, but due to this energy production, our environment got polluted, so for this, we are moving towards renewable energy sources which have low GHG emissions. As in India 58% of electricity production was achieved by Coal power thermal power plant in India and for this, one used Coal and lignite. As the coal power plant is the largest source of GHG emission per unit of energy produced, one needs to restrict this use. However, due to its abundance and availability, it’s the most used and cheapest source of electricity production. In this dissertation, GHG emissions of the thermal power plant in India were estimated. In the USA three different boilers average, NSPS, and LEBS were used. As LEBS is the most advanced method of electricity production by Coal so in this method emission of GHG is the lowest 798.46(g CO2-e /kWh), in which 758.91 g CO2-e GHG produced by direct method and the rest of 39.55 (g CO2-e /kWh) was produced by indirect methods like mining and transportation . Average method is the largest emitter of GHG. In this method emission of GHG is the lowest 1078.44(g CO2-e /kWh) in which 1023.71 GHG production by direct method and the rest 54.73 (g CO2-e /kWh) was by the indirect method. This dissertation examines three primary GHG, such as CO2, CH4, and N2O,. For this study, three-stages of electricity production was used namely coal mining (Surface mining), Transportation (Train and Truck), and Coal combustion for electricity production in a thermal power plant. In India three types of boiler technologies have been used for generating steam from coal, i.e. (i) subcritical (ii) supercritical (iii) ultra-supercritical. In this report, grid wise emission of GHG in India was also estimated. We took five grids into account. After that, weighted average emissions for the whole country was estimated. India’s average emission value come as 621.59 gm of CO2 for the production of 1- kilowatt-hour of energy production. And with the help of this data, we calculated Life cycle assessment emission from per ton of cement production in India and final GHG emission from cement production was 646.99 kg/ton.