EVALUATION OF ADVANCE ONSITE TREATMENT SYSTEM (JOHKASOU)

Abstract

In India due to rapid growth in population and rapid urbanization, drinking water demand has increased dramatically but we have limited drinking water sources. As per CPCB report 2021, expected sewage generation is 72,368 MLD, while only 20,235 MLD is treated, leaving 72 percent of sewage untreated. To solve this problem, wastewater should be treated, and reused but the current centralized system treats only 28% of wastewater. To fill this gap, several alternative technologies should be used. Onsite treatment systems can come up as attractive solutions to solve water pollution and scarcity problem, especially in rapidly urbanizing cities where the centralized facility is inadequate to treat wastewater. In this system, wastewater is collected from the source of its generation and treat the wastewater in that location so large pipe network can be avoided. Conventional onsite treatment units such as septic tank, soak pit etc remove very less nutrients and further need disinfection for proper disposal and reuse of wastewater. But advanced onsite units can solve this problem. In this study, small-scale STP (Johkasou) was evaluated, which is an advanced onsite treatment unit installed at IIT Roorkee. It has a working capacity of 5 m3/day which is suitable for 30 people. Johkasou’s performance is evaluated in terms of BOD, COD, TSS, TN, TP, and TC & FC and checked with the permissible limit prescribed by NGT for effluent discharge standard for STPs. The outlet from the Johkasou is further treated with a tertiary unit that is PSF and ACF. The purpose of the tertiary unit is to further reduce BOD, COD, TSS, and turbidity from the outlet for reusability purposes.