DETECTION AND MITIGATION OF SMALL MOLECULES IMPLICATED IN HUMAN HEALTH

Abstract

Small molecules, characterized by their low molecular weight and ubiquitous presence in various sectors, are indispensable contributors to pharmaceuticals, agriculture, manufacturing, and other critical industries. Their prevalence has surged with rapid industrialization and technological progress, marking them as fundamental building blocks in synthesizing essential products. In contrast to the therapeutic actions of small molecules, their concentrations and patterns also provide valuable insights into the early indications of diseases, facilitating timely diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic responses. Moreover, small molecules contribute to developing pesticides, fertilizers, plastics, and various products essential to modern society. However, the ubiquity and versatility of small molecules come with a caveat, as their infiltration into the environment through various pathways poses potential risks to human health and ecological systems. Issues such as water contamination, soil degradation, and adverse effects on wildlife have been linked to the dissemination of small molecules. Global challenges have further emphasized the contemporary reliance on small molecules, notably the COVID-19 pandemic, where antivirals, antibiotics, disinfectants, and sanitizers are pivotal tools in the battle against the virus. Consequently, the detection, monitoring, and mitigation of these small molecules have become imperative for environmental sustainability and the protection of human health. This thesis addresses these challenges through three interconnected objectives, emphasizing a holistic approach to the complexities associated with small molecules. Integrating innovative biosensing platforms inspired by transcriptionally regulated whole-cell biosensors and Fentonlike reactions facilitates the detection and monitoring of small molecules. It lays the groundwork for effective mitigation strategies. By bridging the gap between monitoring strategies and environmental stewardship, this research contributes to the ongoing pursuit of sustainable solutions. The focus on understanding the implications of small molecules for human health and the environment underscores the multidisciplinary nature of this endeavor. The innovative biosensing platforms developed in this research leverage transcriptionally regulated whole-cell biosensors with enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. Chemical genetics concepts are applied to augment the sensitivity of these biosensors, providing a robust foundation for accurate detection. Simultaneously, exploring advanced oxidation processes, specifically Fenton-like reactions, offers a promising avenue for the targeted degradation of harmful small molecules in the aquatic environment. This multifaceted approach addresses the immediate need for monitoring and establishes frameworks for sustainable and effective mitigation strategies. Thus, this research navigates the exploration of biosensing and degradation strategies, underscoring the significance of adopting a comprehensive approach to tackle the multifaceted issues associated with small molecules in our contemporary world.