MAGNETITE DECORATED MXENE SHEET NANOHYBRID BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOSENSOR FOR ORAL CANCER BIOMARKER DETECTION

Abstract

Herein, we report the development of facile, non-invasive, label free, affordable, and innovative electrochemical based screen printed immunosensor for identifying the CYFRA 21-1, an established and crucial biomarker for oral cancer. Till now, no work is reported utilizing titanium carbide Ti3C2 MXene nanosheet and L-cysteine (L-cyst) functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) nanohybrid based immunosensor as the electrode material, offering enhanced surface area and conductivity for oral cancer detection in saliva sample. The L-cyst functionalized magnetite NPs adorned Ti3C2 MXene sheet was synthesized via co-precipitation method and later deposited on gold-based screen printed electrode (GSPE) for CYFRA 21-1 biomarker diagnosis in artificial saliva sample. The L-cyst Magnetite/Ti3C2 MXene/GSPE was then surface immobilized with monoclonal antibodies (Anti-CYFRA 21-1) to fabricate Anti- CYFRA 21-1/L-Cyst Magnetite/Ti3C2 MXene/GSPE immunosensor and the non-specific locations of immunosensor were covered by utilizing bovine serum albumin (BSA). The spectroscopic, morphological, and structural analysis of the synthesized L-cyst Magnetite/Ti3C2 MXene nanohybrid and the fabricated electrodes were done using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, HRTEM, FESEM-EDX, and XRD. The findings of electrochemical sensing studies performed on BSA/Anti-CYFRA 21-1/L-Cyst Magnetite NPs/Ti3C2 MXene/GSPE immunosensor was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). At last, this fabricated immunosensor has shown excellent limit of detection (LOD) 0.023 ng mL-1, linear detection range of (0.5-30) ng mL-1, the sensitivity of immunosensor measures at 277.28 μA (ng/mL)-1 cm-2 and limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0.618 ng mL-1 for electrochemical CYFRA 21-1 determination. Hence, this L-Cyst Magnetite NPs/ Ti3C2 MXene nanohybrid could be explored as a potential candidate for determining other cancer biomarkers also.