CARBON QUANTUM DOTS DECORATED GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE NANOHYBRID BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOSENSOR FOR ORAL CANCER BIOMARKER DETECTION

Abstract

In this study, we detail the synthesis, analysis, and utilization of a novel nanohybrid platform consisting of graphitic carbon nitride (gC3N4) integrated with carbon nanodots (BN-CQD), denoted as BN-CQD_gC3N4, for sensitive determination of CYFRA21-1 in saliva samples obtained from patients diagnosed with oral cancer. Our work introduces an innovative electrochemical biosensor employing the BN-CQD_gC3N4 nanohybrid, facilitating straightforward and precise CYFRA21-1detection. The synthesis and characterization of the BN-CQD_gC3N4 nanohybrid were conducted using techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electrochemical properties were analysed using differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The utilization of screen-printed electrodes (SPCE) based on carbon, which were modified with nanohybrid material, resulted in a notable improvement in the oxidation peak of the analyte compared to unmodified SPCEs. Consequently, the recently devised electrochemical sensor illustrates a wide linear range spanning from 0.1 to 20 ng/mL, with a low limit of detection value of 0.0191 ng/mL and a limit of quantification value of 0.063 ng/mL Additionally, it demonstrates sensitivity of 48.68 μA (log(ng/mL)−1cm−2). Furthermore, the sensing platform displayed outstanding reproducibility and selectivity for the CYFRA21-1 biomarker, outperforming single-component modifiers such as carbon dots in terms of electrochemical properties. Consequently, this study opens up exciting avenues for investigating the electrochemical nature of BN-CQD_gC3N4 nanohybrid and its potential for developing electrochemical biosensors and point-of-care sensing devices.