DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT PEROVSKITE/SILICON TANDEM SOLAR CELLS

Abstract

Single-junction-based inorganic semiconductors, for instance, silicon (Si) and gallium arsenide (GaAs), are the primary components of photovoltaic solar energy systems. Silicon-SCs are the most popular and extensively developed photovoltaic technology in use worldwide. The Shockley-Queisser theoretical constraint, which asserts that no single-junction-based solar cell can exceed the maximum power conversion efficiency of 33.7%, is one of the limitations of single-junction SCs despite the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) [1]. To overcome these limitations, the tandem solar cell structures gained significant attention due to its potential to enhance the photovoltaic parameters of SCs. Tandem SCs are a kind of photovoltaic device made up of many semiconductor layers stacked on top of one another. This allows the different layers to absorb different wavelengths of sunlight, improving the power conversion efficiency of the SCs. Tandem SCs can be made of any two or more different semiconductor layers by mechanically stacked on top of each other or we can grow one layer on the top of another (monolithically attached) semiconductor layer. For example, tandem solar can be organic, inorganic, or hybrid SCs depending on the semiconductor layers. Silicon SCs efficiency reached up to 26% with heterojunction technology [2]. Perovskites are extremely cost-effective materials in the field of photovoltaic technology that is dominating due to their captivating optoelectronic characteristics, which include tunable band gaps, exceptional light absorption capabilities, highly charge carrier extraction capacity, efficient ambipolar charge transport, and extensive charge carrier diffusion length.