DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERAHERTZ PASSIVE COMPONENTS

Abstract

The terahertz (THz) frequency band, located between the microwave and infrared spectrums, has garnered significant interest due to its potential in wireless communication, imaging, and sensor applications. THz waves are particularly valued for their ability to penetrate non-conductive materials and their high spatial resolution, making them ideal for these uses. Despite the promising applications, developing THz systems involves challenges, particularly in designing efficient, high-performance antennas. Pyramidal horn antennas are often favored in THz applications for their high gain, wide bandwidth, and minimal sidelobe levels, proving to be effective in various studies focused on THz technology. The project involves developing a THz pyramidal horn antenna operating between 220 GHz and 330 GHz, focusing on minimal side lobes and maximum gain. Design and optimization were conducted using CST Microwave Studio software for precise electromagnetic analysis. For feeding the antenna, a WR3.4 waveguide with dimensions of 0.864×0.432 mm² and standard UG-387/UM flange Circular, Four-hole fixing/doweled are used to feed the antenna. The finalized design achieved a simulated gain of 30 dBi and utilized advanced manufacturing methods. The aluminum structure was split into top and bottom cases, milled to form the horn shape, and assembled with M2.5 screws for ease and cost-effectiveness during fabrication. This antenna demonstrates superior performance in gain, bandwidth, and side lobe suppression, making it suitable for THz communication systems. Additionally, the project included designing a THz adapter waveguide and a 90º bending waveguide with low return loss below 25 dB and 20 dB respectively and insertion loss above 0.6 dB.