OPTICAL FIBERS FOR HIGH PEAK POWER SHORT AND ULTRA-SHORT LASER PULSES

Abstract

The generation of high peak power short and ultra-short pulses employing a short length of optical fiber attracted the eye because of the distinct properties like high beam quality, flexibility, robustness, and low cost of optical fibers. When traveling through an optical fiber, dispersion, and nonlinear effects primarily influence the shape acquire soliton-like propagation or exploit their imbalance to come up with high peak power short duration pulses. Many alternate fibers have been documented for undistorted propagation of short femtosecond pulses, such as photonic crystal fibers/ photonic band gap fibers, multi-mode high dispersion fibers, higher-order mode fibers, rod-type fibers, omniguide fibers. In addition, the science community also paid attention to the fibers with axially varying dispersion and nonlinearity for femtosecond soliton dynamics, supercontinuum generation, frequency conversion, and pulse shaping. Also, the intensity of optical power reaches the order of GW/cm2 in case of high energy ultra-short pulses, which is high enough to destroy the fiber. The power handling ability of optical fiber improves on increasing its core size, these fibers are generally referred to as large-mode-area fibers. However, fiber promotes multimode as enhance the core dimensions and faces the issue of intermodal dispersion. Therefore, to resolve all the above problems, we need a large mode area fiber with single-mode operation.