SYMBOLISM IN iNDIAN ANCIENT TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE

Abstract

Architecture and symbolism are linked like a creation and its inspiration. As Hindu philosophy is full of myths and symbols, Indian temple architecture and symbolism are also connected deeply. This research intends to find out the implications of 'Symbolism' in Indian medieval temple architecture in the context of form, space and elements. The study utilises literature study, critical appraisal and comparative analysis of different significant examples of Nagara temples. Concurrent triangulation strategy has been applied in the methodology to analyse the data for the study. Symbolism is discussed for both two-dimensional and threedimensional formation. The inter-relationship of these two types of formation has also been illustrated in this study. Further findings on the symbolic values have been conducted on spaces. Space of the temple is sub-divided into two parts interior space (within the temple wall) and exterior space (outside the temple wall). Elements help the form to strengthen and to become more beautiful. The important elements (like Pillars, Ceilings, Motifs, transepts, doorways, mini-spires, sculptures, etc.) are considered in the study to investigate about symbolism. However, the contribution of the three parameters has been studied to investigate the role of symbolism in Nagara temples of Khajuraho. Comparative analysis has been done to show the evolution of symbolism, with the examples of five selected temples of different cults in Khajuraho. The analysis gives results like the change in patterns of temple fonns according to the age of establishment. The study reveals an invisible hierarchic space division and two cardinal points of opponent forces within the temple area. It also investigates the huge gap of using elements in different temple examples.