Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/17437
Title: EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE, LAND USE AND ANTECEDENT MOISTURE CONDITION (AMC) ON SEDIMENT YIELD
Authors: Sah, Shree Prasad
Keywords: Runoff and Sediment Yield;Rainfall Event;Soil Erosion;Soil Conservation Service Curve Number
Issue Date: May-2015
Publisher: IIT ROORKEE
Abstract: The process of runoff and sediment yield from the given rainfall event is a very complex hydrological phenomenon, dynamic, highly non-linear, time-varying and spatially distributed. Problem associated with soil erosion and sediment yield may he of on-site and off-site in character. Quantitative assessment of runoff and sediment yield is very important for water resources planning, management and development, soil conservation, water quality control, design of hydraulic structures and flood control works. Four basic factors influence runoff and soil erosion by water are climate, soil properties, land use practice and topography. Thus, for the measurement of sediment yield from the catchrnent, runoff measurement is essential. Several models have been developed to compute runoff from a rainfall event so far. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is one of the most popular, simple, stabilized and widely used event-based methods for the computation of direct surface runoff for a given rainfall event from small ungauged urban and agricultural watershed. Sediment yield greatly depends on the runoff and, in turn, the curve number (CN). CN is derivable from the physical characteristics of the watershed. The SCS-CN method was used to determine the runoff curve number and SCS-CN based sediment yield model (Mishra et al.. 2006) was used to determine the sediment yield from the watershed. The study was conducted in an experimental field located at 29° 50' 09" N and 77° 55' 21" E, in Roorkee, district Haridwar, Uttarakhand (India). It is the catchment of the Solani River, a sub-catchment of Ganga basin. In order to fulfill the objectives of the study, the design of the farm consists of three variables such as soil type, land use and slope/grade (5%, 3% and 1 %) of the plots. Each plot grade was further sub-divided into four sub-plots having size of 22 m x Sm. Four different land uses such as Sugarcane, Maize, Black gram and Fallow land during monsoon season (also known as Kharif season in India) and Sugarcane, wheat, Bengal gram and Fallow land during non-monsoon season (also known as Rabi Crop season in India) were selected for monitoring runoff and sediment yield. Soil types of field was determined by conducting double ring infiltrometer and found to fall under hydrologic soil group A', describing the soil textures as sandy soil. The rainfall-runoff and sediment yield data for thirteen natural rainfall-runoff events for sugarcane and Fallow land and eleven natural rainfall-runoff events for Maize and Black gram were observed during the study period. For artificial/flooding irrigation, five events were observed for different land use and slope. The average runoff coefficient was observed the highest for sugarcane (0.29) at 3 % slope and lowest for black gram (0.1 3) at 5% slope for 11 natural monsoon event. The highest average runoff coefficient was observed for sugarcane (0.45) at 3 % slope for artificial events. Total seasonal runoff varied from 559 m3/ha to 1251 m3/ha during the monsoon period. Sediment yields were highly variable, ranging between 0.58 t/ha and 2.58 t/ha with an average of 1.32 t/ha for natural monsoon events. For winter season sediment yield varied between 0.03 t/ha and 0.23 t/ha with an average of 0.09 t/ha. The antecedent moisture content (9) affected the sediment yield directly, i.e. if it is more, the sediment yield is more, and vice versa. The 0() was found to be inversely related with potential maximum retention (S), which is consistent with the general notion. Estimated runoff depth and sediment yield from models were compared with the corresponding observed data. The resulting high values of R2 and efficiencies show the acceptable performance of the models on the study area.
URI: http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/17437
metadata.dc.type: Other
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