PLANNING OF RAINWATER HARVESTING: A CASE STUDY OF ARUSHA URBAN DISTRICT - TANZANIA

Abstract

Water scarcity is a challenge in many countries throughout worldwide. In some regions, there is physical water scarcity because there are not enough resources of water to supply the increasing demand, while other parts of the world have an economic scarcity, where resources are more abundant but poor governance and other problems render water unavailable for most of the population. Where the problem is economic water scarcity, there are many solutions that could ameliorate the problem, but most times the solutions require a change in government, more economic resources and a better willingness. Solving the problem requires long-term changes; however, the need for water is immediate. This is why many methods have been developed for water storage and reuse, however because the problem is not only lack of water but also poor management, implementing and maintaining systems is simply not a reality in many parts of the world, particularly in Africa rainwater harvesting can possibly be one of the solutions for the most of society in terms of domestic water supply. Past experiences reveal that RWH techniques are an innovative approach for sustainable development of the low-income inhabitants, or areas where it is viable, it can be included to in water resources management. Rainwater collection can involve a system whichever its components are identified as catchment surfaces, conveyance systems and storage tanks. Moreover, most components must have associated by means of protection against hazards such as pollution of water and mosquito breeding. Rainwater harvesting is an appropriate technology since rain is relatively abundant, regardless of the truth that rainfall is not equally distributed. When rain is effectively harvested, it can fulfil the household needs during critical drought periods.