ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN JAIPUR CITY, INDIA

Abstract

Energy is ability to do work or to bring about changes. Energy exist in many forms, such as heat, light, chemical and electrical energy. Cities are the engines of economic growth. However, energy is the basic input required for making the cities as engines of economic growth. The cities consume more quantity of energy, produce more output and thereby, pave the wave for economic development. Similarly, the country, which consume more quantity of energy, shows more progress in economic growth and development, whereas the less developed countries consume lesser amount of energy and produce lesser amount of output and there by confined within the basket of the less developed countries. A wide disparity is observed between energy consumption and economic development among various countries in the world. The richest 20 per cent of the world's population consume 55 per cent of the world's total final energy and the rest 80 per cent of the global population use only the leftover 45 percent of final energy, which shows that the richest countries consume huge quantity of energy compared to the less developed countries and remains as rich countries. The energy situation in different states of India is having similar character of rich and poor countries energy position across the globe. The developed states in India are having different countries compared to the developing states; pertain to electricity generation from various sources; energy consumption, application of technology in energy generation and energy consumption; application of different appliances at household level, which consume electrical energy in particular and other energy sources in general since it is purely associated with the economic strength. Further, the same phenomena is percolated at the grassroots level, like in cities, in towns and even in villages in different states. Jaipur City, the study area, is not an exceptional one in this regard. Therefore, Jaipur City is chosen for conducting the present investigation. The investigator studied the energy situation in Jaipur City, held discussion with experts in energy management at the city level; Scientists those who are working in the field of energy management in different laboratories and schools; administrative officers, who deal energy and its associated activities in Jaipur City, and thereby understood the magnitude of the problems pertaining to energy management in the study area. Thereafter extensive amount of literature pertaining to energy scene in different places of the country, overall scene in India, and energy scene in different parts of the globe; energy scene in national level, regional level and global level have been studied to understand various aspects of energy management, and thereby by research gap in field of energy management is identified. The present investigation aims at to evolve a plausible energy management model in Jaipur City, which is much useful for achieving integrated and sustainable development. This investigation required upto date data at the grassroots level to understand the behaviour of the system in the study area. Having this requirement, a research schedule was prepared based on the aims and objectives of the investigation, pretested at the grassroots level in the study area, modified the schedule in accordance with the requirement, and further used the schedule to conduct the survey in the chosen 684 households by employing appropriate sampling techniques in the study area. The data collected at the grassroots level by employing the schedules are vetted to avoid the biasness, errors, etc., and transferred the data into code sheets, subsequently to the computer for analysis. SPSS and Excel Software are used for tabulation, correlation and multiple regression analysis and also doing graphical analysis. STELLA software is employed to develop to mathematical models by employing System Dynamic Techniques. Multiple regression models and system dynamic models are developed in this present investigation and employed to understand the association between the variables, and also to understand to behaviour of the system in different alternative conditions by considering energy as the catalyst for the development of the system. At the outset, the control parameters which decide the functions of the system are identified by employing multiple regression technique, and thereafter the same control parameters are employed along with few other variables to develop the energy management model by employing system dynamic technique. The developed energy management model was validated, used for forecasting, and thereby projected year model was developed for the year 2031 A.D. Subsequently, various scenarios were developed and tested in the projected year model to understand the functions of the system in different alternative conditions. A scenario, which yielded good results among all the tested scenarios is selected for further analysis, and a set of policy guidelines (energy management model) is evolved and recommended for achieving integrated and sustainable development of the system.