MEMORY DEVICE INDEPOENDENT-QUANTUM DIALOGUE

Abstract

During the last two decades of the 20th century, scientists have sought to combine elements of quantum mechanics and information processing. This has given birth to a new eld of quantum computing. The importance of this new model can be learned from the fact that it gave researchers the ability to look at e ciency of an algorithm or robustness of a protocol without bothering about the underlying physical devices used for computation. This has led researchers to look at the classical algorithms in a di erent manner. Indeed researchers such as Gilles Brassard and Charles Bennett have shown ways in which non-classical properties of qubits provided a provably secure way of establishing cryptographic keys.(Charles H. Bennett, 1984) Richard Feynman, Yuri Manin and others recognized quantum phenomena associ- ated with entangled particles. This could not be simulated by Turing machines, which are supposedly the universal model of computation. This observation led researchers to think of ways in which these quantum phenomena could be used to speed up computation.(Feynman, 1981) iii iv Chip makers have been releasing chips that t twice as many transistors into the same space approximately in every two years. This is in compliance with an ex- ponential curve called Moore's curve. This ongoing shrinkage in size of the chips and increased computing power led to the ubiquitous presence of computing de- vices all over the globe. This helped in bringing smartphones, Internet services, and new elds such as arti cial intelligence and genetics to name a few. But since the early start of the second decade of 21st century, leading chipmakers like Intel have reported that it will be di cult to follow the Moore's law. Limits are being reached and there are lesser opportunities to make improvements in the given sphere of development.(Simonite, 2016) Quantum information processing is a eld that includes quantum computing, quan- tum cryptography, quantum communications, quantum games. The basic di erence stems from the fact that the unit on which complex quantum systems are built is di erent from the classical one. Usual classical computes use bits which can have a low or high state. But quantum computers use quantum bits or qubits. Quantum computing provides exciting opportunities in the above respect. There are known algorithms that can perform tasks that are not feasible in polynomial time given a classical computer. Discoveries have been made of faster algorithms, novel crypto- graphic mechanisms and improved communications amongst entities. Quantum computing is not parallel to optical computing or any such model. Other types of computing describe the substrate on which computation is done without changing the model of computation. A quantum computer is characterized by the way information is stored and processed. If the underlying basic principles follow quantum ways of implementation such as qubits.