DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT IN SMART GRID

Abstract

Demand side management (DSM) is one of the important functions in a smart grid that allows customers to make informed decisions regarding their energy consumption, and helps the energy providers reduce the peak load demand and reshape the load profile. This thesis presents a demand side management strategy based on load shifting technique for demand side management of future smart grids with a large number of controllable devices of several types. The day-ahead load shifting technique proposed in this paper is mathematically formulated as a minimization problem. A heuristic-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) that easily adapts heuristics in the problem was developed for solving this minimization problem. Simulations were carried out on a smart grid which contains a variety of loads in three service areas, one with residential customers, another with commercial customers, and the third one with industrial customers. Further in thesis we havediscussed two cases which changes the load profile and customer‟s convenience. This is allabout passive DSM. Further Renewable hybrid system, which can explore solar or wind sources at low cost, is a popular choice for this purpose nowadays. In this thesis optimal energy management for a grid-connected photovoltaic-battery hybrid system is proposed to sufficiently explore solar energy and to benefit customers at demand side. The management of power flow aims to minimize electricity cost subject to a number of constraints, such as power balance, solar output and battery capacity. With respect to demand side management, an optimal control method (open loop) is developed to schedule the power flow of hybrid system over 24 hours. A small residential load is taken for two seasons summer and winter and linear programming model is used to solve the power flows between lines. And the power profile adjusted so that the power taken from the grid is minimized.