URBAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Urban wastewater generated from various domestic uses and or combination of domestic wastewater with wastewater which is released due to industrial activities has become a critical environmental problem during past decades, especially in developing countries. On one hand demand for fresh water is rising due to continuous increase in population, rapid urbanization, industrialization, on other hand the storage of fresh water is decreasing due to land use change and over exploitation for irrigation. Indore is one of the most rapidly growing city of India. The average growth rate of the city is about 45% per decade which is much higher as compared to the national growth rate 22%. Hence wastewater management plays a crucial role to overcome the management of increasing water demand. Data from various sources such as various departments of Indore Municipal Corporation, Town and Country planning (M.P.), Meinhardt Pvt. Ltd., Steel engineering works etc. has been collected for analysis in this study. The present study focuses on population forecasting using various methods, zone-wise water demand, existing water supply system, present potable water distribution system, existing sewage and septage system, sewage treatment plant and present status of drainage network. The data analysis leads to the conclusion that the existing STP effluent parameters are higher as compared to limits given by CPCB. Hence, within five years the treatment technology has to be improved to be at par with the CPCB parameters. The existing sewerage network efficiency is only 36.72 % due to which sewage is directly disposed into nallahs causing pollution and the coverage of storm water drainage is 6.59 % which results in stagnation of water in the city at various location. Hence urban wastewater management is an urgent need for Indore city. Various monogram for cost estimate for sewage treatment plant based on different treatment technologies were generated and validated using the cost incurred on existing STPs in different cities. Different industrial clusters of Indore city has been discussed to identify the location where the treated effluent can be reused. The fresh water consumption can be reduced if recycling and reuse of the treated effluent from the sewage treatment plant is done. Land use map is plotted showing the areas where the high quality treated effluent can be reused. iv A business model is developed to generate revenue from STPs (Sewage Treatment Plants) and various options of business models are described. Also the various cost equations for revenue generation are developed and institutional framework & legal aspects of urban water / wastewater are discussed. After the analysis of various data based on water and wastewater it can be concluded that growth rate of urbanization is quite high in Indore city as compared to our national growth rate hence new sewage treatment facility has to be incorporated soon and more focus has to be shifted on reuse and recycle of high quality treated effluent. Treatment of sewage and reuse of treated effluent through Centralized STP is a better wastewater management strategy for Indore city which will lead to environmental preservation of Khan River