MSW MANAGEMENT OF A CITY

Abstract

India is World’s second most populous country and still the population is growing at a very high rate. Luring by the opportunities in the urban areas, many people are migrating from villages to cities. By 2050, half of the Indian population will be living in the cities. Because of the migration of the people, most of the facilities such as MSW management, Municipal waste water treatment are not working as they were planned. As the population in country and especially in cities is increasing, more solid waste is going to be generated in the upcoming time. Industrialization of the nation is also a major factor in the solid waste generation. To tackle the problem of management of waste is becoming a major problem in the world especially in developing nations. Many ULBs are also unable to manage their financial resources for the management of MSW. So in this present scenario, every nation should not only focus on the collection and disposal of the MSW, but to generate revenue from the waste, which can be used for financing the waste management process. MSW in our country is a very major obstacle in the path of development. Almost 80-90% of MSW generated in the country is disposed to the open dumps with any control. This waste after some time of deposition degrade anaerobically and aerobically, which leads to the production of a mixture of gases such as CH4 , CO2 , small quantity of oxides of nitrogen, collectively known as LFG. Mostly diesel engine vehicles are used for the transportation of the MSW, which further produce CO2, which is GHG. CH4, Produce from degradation of waste is 21 times stronger GHG than CO2. In Ludhiana city, entire generated MSW is disposed in the Jamalpur Landfill site without any segregation and processing of the waste. GHG emission from Landfill sites are estimated using two best methods which are IPCC FOD and LandGEM 3.0.2 .It is estimated that From 1981- 2015, 922887 Tons of the CO2 equivalents are estimated to be emitted from the Jamalpur site and 304416 Tons from Jainpur site is estimated and if the same process continued 3.9 MT of CO2 equivalents will be added to the atmosphere till 2050. GHG emissions from waste transportation are also estimated to be 7.3 kg CO2 equivalents/ ton of the waste transported. To identify the suitable methods of treatment, Thermochemical and bio-conversion of the waste is done and it is found that the waste is suitable for thermochemical treatment and has a calorific value more than the minimum lower calorific value required for iv thermochemical conversion. If anaerobic digestion of the waste is done under controlled physical and chemical conditions also 20,942 MWh of electricity can be sold to grid annually.