SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY SERVICES FOR PASSENGERS IN KOLKATA

Abstract

Every human being on this planet has the rights to survive and live well. But having rights is not the only solution; it should be implemented in a proper way so that every body gets benefited. The whole world is an ecological system and sustainability of this system is very much dependent on three pillars like environmental, economic and social aspects. It is true that the non-renewable resource materials are limited and the whole future human generations will have to survive with the help of this limited resource materials. The distribution of materials and the distribution process and system to distribute were not efficient enough to support every strata of human civilization because of various socio-political reasons. Also increasing difference between the rich and poor segments of the society is also increasing day by day because of unsustainable two hundred years of industrial economy. The growing population mainly in the developing countries indicates the requirement to necessitate the change in strategies in socio-economic policies of these governments for their economic activities to afford this increasing population. The over consumption by the particular segments and under consumption by some other segments of the society already generates many kinds of socio-political problems those the human society is facing through out the world in every country. Fossil fuel is one of the burning issues now-a-days; the whole world is facing with, and already faced many such regional wars in the recent past. One of the major areas of consumption of fossil fuel is mobility activities in the city, where fossil fuel is extensively used by every vehicle. Also one of the main reasons of pollution in the city is the mobility activities and the emission generated by this particular activity. But cities as the growing economic centers of world activities, attracts people to move from one point to another point for their participation in various kinds of economic activities within the city. In this situation, these time poor passengers in the city have to use various kinds of mobility activities to solve their purposes. As already explained that because of various kinds of socio-political and economic reasons the distribution of resource material was not proper and equal through out the history. Also many people use to use them in different ways according to their various purposes and according to their capabilities. These capabilities may vary from passenger to passenger according to their preference to act for solving their purposes. So to achieve the sustainable consumption and production scenario in a city, one has to define the pattern of mobility activities in a systemic way. But as every passenger has the freedom to achieve their goals, the system should IV have the efficiency to provide enough number of solutions to choose that they are having reasons to value. This value system is very much generated by culture. So a change in culture of consumption is very much required for those passengers who like to use their personal vehicles for movement purposes within the city. Also there should be an efficient system of mobility activities for mass passengers who can not afford to have a personal vehicle and also should not opt for according to research findings and literatures. A networked system of various kinds of mobility activities is very much required within a city for various kinds of passengers and their various kinds of preferences within the market economy. The freedom of transparent transaction is very much required to promote sustainable mobility activities for every segments of the society. The phenomenological system perception of networked mobility activities by every passenger validates the human capability to adopt the situation to generate sustainable consumption and production pattern with social harmony. The participation of the passengers to generate concept of commercially sustainable mobility activities can be found in Kokata. Special Note: Many references of different writers from their old publications were coated from some different latest publications. So in the Bibliography, the researcher tried to refer both the old and new publications simultaneously. In many cases the researcher tried to re