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POST DISASTER SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT - A CASE STUDY

Fri, 01 May 2015 00:00:00 GMT

Title: POST DISASTER SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT - A CASE STUDY Authors: Sm, Balvinder Chauhan Abstract: Today's world is being subjected to nature's wrath more frequently then the past and the testimony to this is the number of earthquakes, cyclones and floods occurrences in the recent past. Recently, India and Nepal were shocked with killer earthquakes which resulted in thousands losing their lives and millions displaced. In the present scenario it is extremely imperative to plan for disaster response activities and to be proactive to diminish the economic and human losses. Disaster relief is a complex process with many unique supply chain challenges, with issues related to destruction of transportation infrastructure, lack of communication, and difficulty in coordination amongst multiple relief agencies. Post disaster supply chain deals with efficient and rapid movement of relief supplies to the disaster areas and its distribution to the affected population so that normal living conditions are restored at the earliest. However, the theoretical explanation seems to be simple but on ground execution and management of disaster supply chain is a phenomenal task and needs to be planned cautiously. During most disaster situations, there is breakdown of means of communication thus information is scarce and coordination is difficult to achieve, which creates interruption in flow of supply chain. Hence disaster response supply chain functions at a level of high uncertainty, and is very dissimilar from what most supply chain practitioners think. This study describes the main issues that are faced by the disaster response supply chain practitioners. The research was done with an objective to study various disasters, especially in the Indian context, so that the dynamics and challenges in post disaster supply chain could be identified. A case study method of research has been followed in which recent disaster in Uttarakhand was studied in detail. Uttarakhand disaster was a nightmare for all the disaster relief agencies because of total breakdown of supply chain as the affected area was totally cut-off from the main land and lack of information added to the level of difficulty. It highlighted lack of coordination and breakdown of transportation means as the biggest challenges during the Uttarakhand disaster. Further in research a questionnaire based survey was carried out amongst the various government, non-government and private disaster relief agencies. The survey again emphasised that the major issues which restricts efficient disaster response supply chain are lack of coordination between multiple agencies, lack of professionals in disaster supply chain management, void exists between relief demands and supplies, poor information of the affected area, lack of technology and difficulty in transportation of relief supplies. The observed fault lines in disaster supply chain management are required to be addressed at the earliest, and with this thought process recommendations were derived for an effective and resilient supply chain for disasters. The recommendations made in this dissertation are actions to be implemented by government, non-government and private disaster relief agencies during planning and execution of disaster relief operations. The recommendations covered the issues of adequate preparation for the impending disaster, developing SCM systems for disasters, developing coordination, pre-positioning of relief materials in well located warehouses, management of suppliers, use of information technology, and alternate transportation means. The study also brings out the role of Armed Forces in support of post disaster supply chain. The military of our nation have got a robust and time tested logistics and supply chain system; therefore they can contribute immensely in ensuring an efficient disaster response supply chain management. Apart from being the first responders during disasters, our Armed Forces can play a distinctive role in coordination of relief supplies, establishing communications, transportation of relief materials, damage assessment, establishing relief and distribution centres and construction and repair of roads. In the end study concluded that there is a need to pay more emphasis on post disaster supply chain management and in this the government will have to take the lead. Other - agencies also need to incorporate professionalism in their approach towards post disaster supply chain management and should plan and prepare themselves in advance.

INFLUENCE OF FSP ON AA 7075/SiC/CB METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

Fri, 01 May 2015 00:00:00 GMT

Title: INFLUENCE OF FSP ON AA 7075/SiC/CB METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES Authors: Roy, Pratip Abstract: Aluminium alloy has wide application in both aircraft and automobile industry due to its high strength and light weight benefits. In this research work, stir casting process was used for fabricating aluminium alloy 7075 by reinforcing silicon carbide (SiC) and carbon black (CB) particulates. X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray (EI)X) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to confirm the presence of SiC and CB particles and there uniform distribution into the aluminium matrix. Further, cast composites have been processed by friction stir processing (FSP) technique with the appropriate processing parameter speed of tool, feed rate, and tool tilt angle. Mechanical and microstructural properties of the composites before and after FSP were investigated through universal testing machine (UTM) and optical microscopy. The novel feature of the AA7075/SiC/CB is that it demonstrates a 2.5 times increment in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and at the same time, appreciable amount of ductility is increased. The hardness additionally enhanced essentially. The fracture surface showed a ductile failure mode and also revealed the superior bonding between the particles and the matrix

INVESTIGATION OF RISKS & DISRUPTIONS IN A PRODUCT SUPPLY CHAIN

Sun, 01 May 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: INVESTIGATION OF RISKS & DISRUPTIONS IN A PRODUCT SUPPLY CHAIN Authors: S, Juneja Sunny Abstract: The supply chains around the world face constant threats from risks of disruption. The need of the hour is to find effective ways to tackle the constant risks ficed by business operations. This work investigates various supply side risks and resulting disruptions. both internal and external to the focal organization in an aerospace product supply chain. A framework and a simulation model are developed based on the industrial case study taken up at an aerospace component manufacturer, which is considered as the focal firm. It sources from a network of global suppliers and caters to the internal customer primarily as well as Indian Defense Forces. The objective is to study the causes and effects of disruptions to make the supply chain less risk prone and more resilient. The analysis of possible risk scenarios is done through a framework mainly based on the FMEA (Failure Mean Effect Analysis) methodology in the first phase. Potential disruptions along with the product and information flow are modeled using Discrete Event Simulation Technique in the second phase. The assessment from FMEA framework helps to form a risk orientation & formulate various disruption scenarios. On the other hand. Simulation is used to measure and compare the performance of supply chain, when it functions normally and when it is subjected to disruptions. thereby quantifying the disruption impact of some supply side risks. The investigation of risks and disruptions in the supply chain reveals that raw material obsolescence, delay in material supply and shelf life expiry oiraw material, are more severe out of the other supply side risks. Therefore, they demand allocation of more resources and time. For all the supply side risks identified, risk mitigation measures have been suggested. The analysis by simulation model concludes that disruptions result in significant and measurable reduction in the average finished inventory stock, fulfilled orders and an increase in the average back orders. When the disruption impact is higher. the back ordered demand goes to such high levels so as to make it difficult for the firm to recover. thereby exposing its customer to schedule delays and also resulting in loss of goodwill.

PHWR DISASSEMBLED CHANNEL - AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY

Sun, 01 May 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: PHWR DISASSEMBLED CHANNEL - AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY Authors: Sariyal, Sudhir Chandra Abstract: For the growth and development of an economy energy plays a very vital role. We can divide the energy sources into main categories: renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. As the production of energy from renewable sources are yet not completely developed and are still in developing phase; Non- renewable sources of energy is the main source to run au economy effectively with respect to the energy needs. Nuclear energy is one of such a source of energy in which heat is produced by the controlled nuclear fission reaction. As the working of nuclear reactor is always associated with the high temperature heat transfer from core to the steam boiler through a coolant channel, it becomes necessary to account for the convection heat transfer along with the radiation effect for its proper analysis. In India 220 MW (e) and 540MW (e) pressurized heavy waler reactor (PHWR) are in use. In addition to this 700MW (e) nuclear reactor has been designed and is in construction phase. Nuclear power plants are always designed to work for long service runs. The probability of the accidents in nuclear reactor is very low but in case of long running plants accidents are supposed to occur. The nuclear emission caused by these accidents produces severe affects to environment and hence can never be ignored. These are very low frequency (<10-6 per year) accidents. But as severe consideration of these accidents is an essential component in the nuclear safety analysis. From the reactor safety point of view it important to study the nature and magnitude of the deformation. One of the case of design based accident is Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA). During LOCA, the decay heat is generated which is removed by using emergency core cooling system (ECCS). Even with complete failure of ECCS, the surrounding moderator i.e. heavy water (D20) would act as heat sink. Accumulation of the heat would take place if the heat removed is not proper and temperature of fuel pin bundles start rising significantly. At high temperature a metal-water reaction takes place in between zirconium cladding and coolant fuel would be exposed due to the perforations in the cladding and which could lead to catastrophic failure of fuel channel integrity. In India the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is the nodal energy agency, which is actively involved in nuclear power generation and its safety issues. The leading technical 10 universities in India are also collaboratively supporting to design and development of nuclear projects and the issues related to the safety from nuclear power projects run accidents. A Page I iv numerical simulation has been carried out on one of design based accident in the department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. lIT Roorkeeto understand the behavior of IPHWR channel during LOCA i.e. Loss OF Coolant Accident. The CFI) simulation was carried out under steady state condition to investigate the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for two different cases: r When there is heat tip condition due to LOCA for horizontal 19 pin IPl-IWR channel. When there is heat up condition due to LOCA for inclined 19 pin IPHWR channel. The second case where the channel has been inclined is supposed to be happened by virtue of failure under high heat up condition which is an after effect of LOCA. In our case we have taken the breakdown at inlet section of the PHWR channel due to which the whole channel has been inclined and the angle of inclination depends upon the channel length and the gap between the two consecutive horizontal channels. As according to these dimensions we have chosen very close values for channel inclination and that are 5°, 10° and 150. - In this present thesis, the detailed investigation has been carried out on the commercially available software ANSYS Fluent 16.2. The simulation results obtained showed that - • When the angle of inclination increases for fixed value of decay heat the temperature, velocity and H2 mole fraction decreases continuously. • When the decay heat increases for fixed value on inclination, the temperature, velocity and H2 mole fraction increases continuously.