http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/18 Thu, 07 May 2026 21:21:50 GMT 2026-05-07T21:21:50Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20720 Title: ESTIMATION OF IRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO FOR BETWA BASIN Authors: Pyasi, Reetesh Kumar Abstract: In this study, assessment of climate change and its impact on irrigation water requirement has been carried out for the Betwa river basin located in Central part of India partially in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. This study has been planned with specific objectives of (1) Evaluation of ETo estimates of two temperature based equations Hargreaves and Blaney- Criddle with the estimates of Penman- Monteith Equation for the Betwa Basin. (2) Trend analysis of weather parameters (Minimum Temperature, Maximum Temperature and Relative Humidity), evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirement. (3) Spatial distribution of crop coefficient (Kc) value using vegetation indices map derived from satellite data. In this study various meteorological data (Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed, Sunshine Hour and Rainfall) and satellite data were used for the purpose. Field visit of the study area was conducted twice for the purpose of ground truth verification. CROPWAT 8.0 software was used for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration by Penman-Monteith method and effective rainfall. ERDAS Imagine V9.2 was used for the processing the satellite data and generating LULC map and mapping of monthly Kc map from NDVI/SAVI map was carried out in ArcGIS V9.3 software. Correlation analysis of various weather parameters (Minimum Temperature, Maximum Temperature, Mean Temperature and Relative Humidity) has been carried out. Irrigation water requirement of the study area has been estimated using 29 years weather parameter (Minimum Temperature, Maximum Temperature, Mean Temperature and Relative Humidity) and weighed crop coefficient approach. Trend analyses of all climatic variables along with Crop Water Requirement (CWR) and Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR) have been done using Mann-Kendall test and Theil-sen's slope estimator. Finally spatial crop water requirement of the study area was carried out using vegetation indices (SAVI and NDVI) derived from satellite data for Rabi season of the year 2010-I1. Blaney- Criddle equation shows better results than Hargreaves equation when their ETo estimates were compared with Penman-Monteith estimates. Trends of ETo and 1WR were found negative in the Betwa basin. Further GIS based approach revealed that irrigation water requirement in the months from November 2010 to April 2011 were 54.57, 85.74, 74.54, 63.82, 71.62 and 23.14 Mm3 over whole Betwa basin Sun, 01 Jun 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20720 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20709 Title: EVALUATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MODELS IN HUMID REGION Authors: Mohammad, Almutaz Abdelkarim Abdelfattah Abstract: Forty fiit Evapotranspiration models have been evaluated and calibrated against FAO Penman-Monteith model, the models were grouped into: nine Temperature methods, twenty Radiation methods, nine Mass transfer methods and seven Pan Evaporation methods. It has been found that one version of Hargreaves Equation HAR was the best performing method among Temperature methods, FAO-MAK was the best among Radiation based methods, TRABERT and MAHRIN were the best models from mass transfer models. Pan methods were found to be with the lowest performance. Most of mass transfer has shown good performance. IV Seven ANN models with different inputs combination have been tested also and it has been found that ANN2 with temperature and wind speed as inputs is sufficient to estimate Evapotranspiration better than all conventional models. Sun, 01 Jun 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20709 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20590 Title: HYDROLOGICAL IMPACTS OF LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE IN THE MAT RIVER BASIN, INDIA Authors: Hamlet, K Abstract: Land use-land cover (LULC) changes have significantly affected the Mat River basin, India water cycle over the years. Population development evolving new demands as a result of global growth and varying consumption habits have contributed to a decrease in fresh water supply and distribution over time. In this study, hydrological modeling upper catchment area of Mat River was carried out for the assessment of water availability by using ‘Soil and Water Assessment Tool’ (SWAT) which is a physically based, spatially distributed, a continuous model. SWAT Model was run for a period of 34 years (1986 to 2019 with 1986 & 1987 as warm period). Calibration and validation was done by SWATCUP (SUFI2) using the monthly stream discharges from 1988 to 1996 and 2015 to 2019 respectively. The model is evaluated for performance using Coefficient of Determination (R2), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Per Cent Bias (PBIAS) and RSR the values of which are 0.72, 0.71, 3.30 and 0.52 respectively during calibration respectively. The calibrated value is used for running SWAT model using LULC of different years (2005, 2010 and 2015). During the study year, the built up area, mixed forest area and orchard coverage increases by 0.428 km2 (17.95%), 13.347 km2 (42.86%) and 0.05 km2 (5.26%) respectively. In the meantime, evergreen forest and agriculture area decreases by 6.57 km2 (6.72%) and 7.29 km2 (45%) respectively. The changes in LULC leads to an increase of average monthly flow during monsoon by 3.92 cumec (0.14%) but decreases during non-monsoon season by 1.20 cumec (0.16%). During this period, the total annual aquifer recharge decreases by 17.25mm while the total water yield increases by a small margin from 1997.96 mm to 1999.49 mm (1.53 mm). The model shows that the average annual rainfall during the study period is 2692.40 mm out of which 1959.57 mm (73%) contributes to stream flow, 515.43 mm goes as evapo-transpiration, 34.16 mm is used for groundwater recharge. Tue, 01 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20590 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20538 Title: Land Use/ Cover Dynamics assessment in the Right Upper Kikuletwa Sub catchment Pangani River Basin, Tanzania Authors: Malagila, Febian Famillar Abstract: This study, compares two models (LCM and CA-Markov by MCPI) used for prediction of Land assesses the historical and future LULC Dynamics (LULCD) in the Right Upper Kikuletwa Sub catchment by utilizing Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) Techniques. This sub catchment with a total area of about 769.46Km2 is very potential for the water resources in Kikuletwa catchment and Pangani River Basin as well also to sustain the life of the community found in the catchment. The need of more precise models for LULC projection increases worldwide but also the spatial-temporal LULC Dynamics (LULCD)brought about by quickening pace in urbanization, population growth, agricultural activities, and other human economic activities has altered the surface of the earth including The Right Upper Kikuletwa Sub catchment, hence the concern regarding sustainable management of environment and land resources has been increasing too. The process of comparing models for more accurately projection and understanding the significant dynamics of these LULC changes is essential but not limited for successful planning and decision making, land management, resource allocation, environmental conservation and protection, hydrological studies and sustainable development applications. In order to achieve the specific objectives of this study, the Landsat (satellite images) data for 1993,2006 and 2018, DEM and other social -economic data were collected, processed then Land use/Cover classification under supervised classification, accuracy assessment and independent variables preparation was done through Remote sensing and GIS techniques using ArcMap 10.8, QGIS 3.28 and Google earth. Land Use/Cover simulation and projection was carried out in Terrset Geospatial Monitoring and Modelling System (Terrsetsoftware2020) through embedded Land Change Modeler (LCM)and CA Markov Models under given scenarios. Comparison of two Models (LCM and CA-Markov) and investigation of historical and future LULC Dynamics (LULCD) was done utilizing the Classified LULC maps, simulated LULC map and Projected LULC maps. However, in carrying the analysis, ArcMap, and Terrsetsoftware2020 were used. In the Accuracy assessment of Classified LULC by using Kappa Index, it was shown that all three classified LULC map had high accuracy with Kappa Index of 0.91,0.95,0.95 for 1993,2006 and2018 respectively. In comparison analysis between LCM and CA-Markov by MCPI the CA-Markov shows to be stronger than LCM Model for LULC Projection in this Sub catchment by having Standard Kappa (KST) of 0.7463 compared to 0.649 of LCM Model. Results of this study revealed that, based on historical to future LULC Dynamics (1993-2054), the trend shows that Agricultural land and Urban/Built up categories of LULC experienced and expected to experience increasing trend with area increase from 92.99Km2 308.11 Km2 by 2054 for Agricultural land and 25.16 Km2-147.64Km2 by 2054 or Urban/Buil up. Forest land and Range land shows decreasing trend from 272.58Km2-113.89Km2 by 2054 ,296.82Km2-124.59Km2 by 2054,12.67Km2 -1.92Km2 by 2054 for Forestland, Range land and Ice surface respectively. While Bare/Barren land shows decrease and then increase range from 69.07Km2- 60.74Km2-71.16Km2 by 1993,2006 and 2054 respectively. In Analysis of Change Annual Rate(CR) of each LULC Class, based on about 12years interval, for the whole study time(1993-2054)it was shown that the change rate vary whereby for Agricultural land varied between +0.85 to +6.51Km2/Year, Urban/Built up (+1.02 to +3.22 Km2/Year),Forestland (-1.42 to -4.18 Km2/Year),Bare/Barren land (-0.64 to +0.53 Km2/Year),Rangeland (-0.48 to -6.92 Km2/Year),Ice surface (-0.78 to 0.00 Km2/Year) and Water bodies(-0.01 to 0.18 Km2/Year).The persistence analysis indicated that for Historical(1993-2018) LULC Dynamics the persistence area was noticed to be 118.52Km2 for Rangeland,Agriculturalland(57.77Km2),Bare/Barrenland(44.10Km2),Waterbodies(0.01Km2),Urban/Buil tup(9.10Km2),Forest land(169.56Km2),Ice surface (1.94Km2).Future(2054)LULC Dynamics expected persistenceshowsAgriculturalland(194.98Km2),Urban/Builtup(62.96Km2),Rangeland(118.85Km2),Wat erbodies(0.83Km2),Bare/Barren land(66.5Km2),Ice surface(1.65Km2) and Forest land(112.1Km2). -Markov by MCPI over LCM model. However, it gave out insight regarding significant LULC Dynamics at the Sub catchment which would be incorporated into planning, decision making, catchment management program and various hydrological studies in the catchment. In order to secure sustainable functions of this sub catchment, it is recommended to carry out flood and hydrological resilience studies and implement Integrated Watershed Management. Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20538 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z