http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/123 Thu, 14 May 2026 01:18:54 GMT 2026-05-14T01:18:54Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20906 Title: PREPARATION OF FOOD GRADE PAPER FROM FINGER MILLET STRAW WITH WATER PROOF BIODEGRADABLE COATING Authors: Kawale, Harish Raju Abstract: FMS is an agro-residue that is a promising raw material for paper making. Morphological analysis and proximate analysis of FMS show promising results for food-grade paper making. Soda-Anthraquinone pulping was done to separate fibers from FMS. The hand sheet was made in British sheet former. The present work was also conducted to isolate cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from FMS. The thermal, structural, elemental & morphological analyses of CNC were measured through resultant techniques. Such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, Zeta Potential, FESEM and AFM. Chitosan is a biopolymer that has showed promise for improving the barrier and mechanical characteristics of paper when CNC is reinforced in Chitosan. The Coated and uncoated paper was characterized using TGA, FESEM, water barrier properties such as Cobb60, water contact angle and WVTR, showing promising results for food packaging. The result of mechanical properties shows paper made from FMS has good strength properties of uncoated paper with respect to paper made from rice & wheat straw. Also, mechanical properties as well as barrier properties improved as paper coated with CNC + Chitosan as compared to chitosan coated paper. CNC is a promising reinforcing material for Chitosan. The biodegradability test shows paper made from FMS with a waterproof biodegradable coating is promising biodegradable paper. Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20906 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20905 Title: PREPARATION OF LIGNIN FROM HARDWOOD BLACK LIQUOR AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATER BARRIER COATING Authors: Rabari, HardikKumar Arjanbhai Abstract: After cellulose only lignin is available as organic natural compound most abundantly in world. Lignin is a promising renewable resource for new materials based on renewable resources. In current scenario, lignin is applied in low-value-added applications, as well as for production of energy and recycling of chemicals in the pulp and paper manufacturing process. For other applications only small amount of lignin is being used. This dissertation work aimed to develop the LUF resin from the lignin isolated from the hardwood black liquor by modifying the lignin by sulfomethylation. Sulfomethylated lignin was polymerized with urea and formaldehyde to get Lignin urea formaldehyde resin. Obtained lignin, sulfomethylated lignin, UF resin and LUF resin samples were characterized by various analytical techniques at IIT Roorkee Saharanpur campus such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM. UF & LUF resin was applied on handsheet prepared in laboratory as a coating material and different mechanical properties of UF & LUF coated paper were compared with uncoated paper. Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20905 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20904 Title: STUDY AND ANALYZE THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL WITH SURFACE MODIFICATION Authors: Rai, Gyanendra Abstract: It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging, decorating, writing, cleaning, filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency and security paper and a number of industrial and construction processes. In today’s time, due to rise of e-commerce industry the use of paper has increased many-fold in the form of packaging material. Due to rising environmental concerns, paper as a material presents great alternative in the place of plastic material. Although paper in itself is a biodegradable material but due to its various applications, seldom it is used in its original form. It is usually modified through different methods to suit its final application. One of the major processes through which paper surface modification is achieved is called coating. During coating inorganic materials are added on the surface of the paper to modify its barrier, physical and other properties. For this reason, the coated paper does not remain biodegradable anymore. In this dissertation effort is being made to substitute the inorganic components of coating formulation without compromising on the final properties. Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20904 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20903 Title: A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF ACID CONCENTRATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF NANOCELLULOSE EXTRACTED FROM SUNN HEMP (CROTALARIA JUNCEA) BY ACID HYDROLYSIS Authors: Mahur, Bhupender Kumar Abstract: Nanocelluloses from sunn hemp (crotalaria juncea) was extracted by employing the process of acid hydrolysis. The present work focuses on two important objectives, firstly to valorise the sunn hemp fibers in the field of nanocellulose and second is to study the effects of acid concentration on the properties of nanocellulose (NC). The study was performed the extraction of nanocellulose at five different concentrations of H2SO4; 16%, 32%, 48%, 64% and 72%. Obtained nanocelluloses were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). FTIR confirms the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses at various stages and total crystallinity index (TCI) was calculated. Similar trend of crystallinity (NC-32, NC-48, NC-64, NC-72: 72.52, 73.83, 76.30, 19.04 %) was observed in XRD analysis. The highest yield of 94.83% was obtained in NC 32 followed by 91.40 and 81.70% for NC-48 and NC-64 and most poor yield was obtained for NC 72~12.03%. AFM and FE-SEM confirms the morphology of obtained nanocellulose and were characterised as three different type of nanocellulose. The NC-32 have web like structure normally observed for cellulose nanofibrills, whereas NC-48 and NC-64 shows rod like particles similar to that of cellulose nanocrystals and NC-72 displayed spherical particles termed as cellulose nanospheres The agglomeration of NCs was related with the low zeta potential (NC-32, 48, 64 and 72; -16.85, -17.84, -5.84, -8.95 mV). The thermal stability of nanocellulose was measured by TGA which suggests NC-64 to have highest thermal stability (>250oC) respective to others. This study has not only explored a novel source in the field of nanocellulose but also developed an understanding on the effect of process parameters on final morphology and characteristics of nanocellulose. This study can help us to carefully design the methodology to tailor the nanocellulose as per end use. Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20903 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z