http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/110 Thu, 07 May 2026 21:14:43 GMT 2026-05-07T21:14:43Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/18797 Title: AGING-AWARE MODULE COMPOSITION IN A LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PACK Authors: Gupta, Uttam Abstract: Recently, lithium-ion batteries have become the cornerstone of modern energy storage systems, widely utilized in electric vehicles, portable electronics, and grid storage due to their high energy density and efficiency. However, battery’s operating conditions have an important impact the lifetime and performance of lithium-ion batteries. This contributes to the durability and devaluation of electric vehicles, which will diminish consumer’s confidence. To pursuit of rapid charging often raises concerns about battery longevity and aging effects. Aiming to improve the aging effects in the lithium-ion battery pack configurations, the current research has two goals: first, it seeks to develop computationally effective mathematical models that capture the aging phenomenon in lithium-ion batteries at a wide range of temperatures. Second, it uses the developed models to optimize charging-discharging strategies of the battery pack in the real world scenario. These results reveal significant correlations among charge-discharge rates, ambient temperatures, and battery performance. All these studies capturing aging effects for only single cells but our research fills this gap by optimizing module composition to manage aging effects effectively, leading to enhanced durability and efficiency. The analysis focused on understanding how varying parallel connections influence the degradation mechanisms, such as SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) layer growth and lithium plating, under different operational conditions. Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/18797 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/18796 Title: DEVELOPMENT & RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOTROPIC & ANISOTROPIC MATERIAL Authors: Meena, Sunil Kumar Abstract: MR (magneto rheological) are smart material that is responsive to external stimuli like magnetic field or electric fields, temperature, moisture content, stresses etc. MR materials are designed to change their rheological & viscoelastic properties by outside magnetic field. MR materials Possess a range of uses are used in mechanical device sensors, actuators, adjustable vibration absorbers & isolators for controlling seat vibration in cars etc. This is due to their unique speciality the shows a Quick reaction in real time for different magnetic field of intensities[1]. MR materials are consisting of fluids, gel, foams & elastomer and MR fluids and MRE (magneto rheological elastomers) are the two main parts. MR materials are composed of small micro size magnetic particles that are suspended in non-magnetic matrix.MR fluids ferromagnetic particles (carbonyl iron particles CIPs) are suspended in carrier fluid like silicone oil & PDMS. Here magnetic particles are suspended into fluid without magnetic field & have characteristic of low viscosity fluids[2]. But when we created magnetic fields, particles move at milliseconds speeds along with the induction line, formed magnetic force chain this transitions are quickly from low-viscosity fluid to a high viscosity. But when we remove the magnetic field, it recovers its fluid state. MR fluids have associated with critical issues such as sedimentation stability of particles, such as leaking, caking, all these are unstable due to density difference in the main components that makes it less desirable than MRE. Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/18796 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/18795 Title: ROLE OF SUPPORTED HETEROGENEOUS METAL CATALYST FOR LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION IN A MICROWAVE ASSISTED REACTIONS Authors: Sagar, Sumit Abstract: The conversion of biomass derived compounds such as glucose into platform chemicals is significant for sustainable and green chemistry. The role of platform chemical lactic acid is widely observed in many applications such as precursor for polylactic acid, cosmetic industry and food technology. The synthesis of lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass can be achieved via series of chemical reactions using heterogeneous catalyst in the microwave reactor. Notably, the fast and direct heating mechanism of microwave reactor leads to suppression of by-product formation. The conventional methods are often associated with formation of by-products thereby compromising the selectivity of the product. Herein, our study describes the synergistic effect of silver metal loaded on reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO) catalyst and alkaline medium for the conversion of glucose into lactic acid in a microwave reactor for 2hr at 160oC. In typical reaction results, the study has achieved 80-95% conversion of glucose. Here we achieved maximum yield of lactic acid is 73.7% in the concentration of NaOH is 16.7 mmol and formic, acetic acid and other glycolic acid is 3.9 %, 10.4 % and 3.9 %. Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/18795 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/18794 Title: CATALYTIC DEPOLYMERIZATION OF ALKALI LIGNIN INTO VALUABLES USING LANTHANIDE OXIDES-BASED CATALYSTS Authors: Kumar, Shivam Abstract: A heterogeneous nanocatalyst, composed of cerium oxide nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-functionalized graphene oxide sheets (FGCe), was synthesized using an in-situ reflux method. This catalyst was developed for the oxidative pyrolysis of alkali lignin in an ethanol-water system. The catalytic performance of FGCe catalysts was optimized through control of synthesis variables (e.g., graphene oxide (GO) content ranging from 0.2 to 2wt.%) and process variable (e.g., reaction temperatures (393-433 K), catalyst’s mass (10-75 mg), and reaction period (up to 90 min). The reusability of FGCe catalysts has been investigated up to 4 test cycles without employing any catalyst regeneration protocol. Among various nanocatalyst samples, the best lignin conversion and bio-oil yield were achieved using FGCe nanocatalyst prepared with 0.5wt.% GO content. Under optimized reaction conditions, the maximum bio-oil yield of 86%, corresponding to a total lignin conversion of 93%, was observed. Kinetic studies revealed that the activation energy for lignin conversion using the FGCe nanocatalyst was estimated as 24.36 kJ mol-1 at 423K. GC-MS and 1HNMR analyses were used to identify major lignin conversion products, including 2-pentanone-4-hydroxy-4-methyl, 2-methoxyphenol, nonylcyclopropane, vanillin, apocynin, homovanollic acid, and benzoic acid. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis further revealed that the breakdown of lignin structure primarily occurs at oxygen bonds, producing aromatic products. The research’s overall conclusions are anticipated to contribute to developing advanced catalytic materials for transforming lignin into valuable compounds. Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/18794 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z