http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/17 2026-05-07T21:26:49Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20719 Title: ELECTRODIALYFIC EXTRACTION OF LACTIC ACID FROM FERMENTATION BROTH USING WOOD WASTES OF PAPER MILL Authors: Aggarwal, Salonika Abstract: Lactic acid has wide applications in various fields like in food industries, chemical industries, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries. It is also used as a monomer of polylactic acid which is biodegradable in nature. There are several ways for the production of lactic acid and can be produced from many sources like food wastes, wheat bran and even from the wood wastes of the paper mill. This procedure has dual advantages i.e. lactic acid production along with the steam production with slight change in calorific value. As paper industries are big energy intensive units, so it would be more advantageous if we use the raw material of paper industry (which is wood), for production of energy as well for the production of industrially oriented useful product like lactic acid. Wood rejects are generally discarded after screening of wood chips in chipper section of paper industries, and are simply burnt for the production of steam to meet energy need of paper industry. But now wood can be used for lactic acid production along with the steam production. Nearly 0.84g and 0.3 lOg of lactic acid was produced from 5g MRS + 5g oven dried wood and lOg oven dried wood respectively at optimum temperature and optimum p1-I i.e. 28°C & 6. Lactic acid can be estimated by HPLC using Ultrasphere C18 column. Isocratic mobile phase of 0.005 M sulphuric acid is a good option. The how-rate was set at 0.5 mi/min with analysis time of 20 mm. Other acids such as citric acid, malic acid etc can also be detected present in fermentation broth along with lactic acid. Afier estimation, lactic acid can be extracted by using two stage clectro-dialysis which uses water splitting electro-dialysis (WSFD) with bipolar membrane with nearly efliciency of 45- 50%. About 291Kg & 106.33Kg of Lactic acid can be produced from 343 Kg of wood rejects. which come from approximately 2.86 tonuc of wood which is required for production of tonne of paper. Wood after production of lactic acid can also be used ftr steam production with slight difference in calorific value. So this, whole process will be very cost effective 14- process along with generation of industrially valuable product 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20530 Title: SUSTAINABLE HYDROPHOBIC COATING BASED ON NATURAL RUBBER LATEX AND BUTYL STEARATE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESISTANT PAPER FOR PACKAGING APPLICATIONS Authors: Kunam, Praveen Kumar Abstract: Sustainable hydrophobic coatings on paper have become increasingly important due to the high demand for environmentally friendly materials. In this study, a novel sustainable hydrophobic coating was developed by combining natural rubber latex (NRL) and butyl stearate(BS). The NRL acts as binder and hydrophobic agent, while the butyl stearate improves the hydrophobicity of the coating. Different coating formulations containing 0-50 wt% BS were applied to the paper using a simple bar-coating method at a constant thickness, and the hydrophobic properties were evaluated by using contact angle, Cobb and water vapour transmission rate(WVTR) measurements. The lowest WVTR value was 3.428 g/cm2. Day, obtained when NRL coated, and WVTR of 4.405 g/cm2.day was obtained with an addition of 50wt% BS, lower than the uncoated paper(5.485 g/cm2.day). All the formulations promoted a remarkable decrease in water absorption(Cobb30 values decreased from 128 g/m2 to 0.8 g/m2, and Cobb60 values decreased from 134.4g/m2 to 0.7 g/m2). Results showed that the coating effectively reduced the surface energy of the paper, resulting in a high contact angle of 90.6° and increased hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the NRL and butyl stearate coating demonstrated good mechanical properties, suggesting its potential as a sustainable and effective alternative to synthetic hydrophobic coatings. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for the development of sustainable hydrophobic coatings on paper, which can have significant environmental and economic benefits. 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20529 Title: EXPLORATION AND SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF COCONUT COIR IN PAPER MAKING TO MITIGATE THE RAW MATERIAL CRISIS: A WASTE TO WEALTH APPROACH Authors: Rishabh, Anjani Kishor 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20455 Title: CONCEPT OF DECENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT OF SEWAGE WASTEWATER & MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE: A DETAILED CASE STUDY OF SAHARANPUR SMART CITY Authors: Ansari, Abdullah Abstract: Waste management and sanitation are two of India's biggest obstacles, as is the case for numerous developing nations. Saharanpur City, like most mid-sized towns, faces substantial hurdles such as budget constraints and limited land for treatment facilities. Currently, its sewage infrastructure and technology are outdated and incapable of meeting the population's needs. This research zeros in on decentralized options as a viable solution to Saharanpur's pressing waste issues. An extensive data collection lays the groundwork. Gathering facts on demographics, socioeconomics, waste volumes, and existing frameworks is critical. This provides insight for risk evaluation by linking sickness patterns to waste characteristics. Drainage planning also benefits from socioeconomic analysis. The project then designs and proposes distributed treatment methods. Recognizing the shortcomings of centralized plants, it explores decentralized approaches already embraced worldwide. Similar decentralized strategies could likewise help solve solid waste management. Addressing waste management difficulties in towns like Saharanpur is essential for sustainable national progress. This study aims to do so by investigating decentralized alternatives. It acknowledges the need for modernized technology, given outdated facilities. Collecting comprehensive information builds understanding for targeted proposals. The focus remains on workable waste solutions for the Saharanpur district's rising population. One crucial element in the process is determining appropriate locations for these decentralized stations. The suggested decentralized treatment approach will be applied on a trial basis, allowing for practical execution and validation of the proposed remedies. Additionally, the project aims to share its findings with other Indian cities, supporting sustainable development principles and contributing to national waste management plans. By focusing on Class-II cities similar to Saharanpur, this project endeavours to offer a comprehensive framework for decentralized waste management through meticulous data collection, inspection, and implementation. To accomplish these goals, the research involved four types of surveys. The initial survey mapped the drains passing through the smart city, providing a detailed understanding of the city's drainage infrastructure. The second survey focused on the health status of the city, collecting data on illness trends and health conditions related to waste management. The third survey assessed municipal solid waste, examining the types and amounts of waste generated and existing disposal methods. The final survey studied the socioeconomic conditions of the city's wards, analysing how these factors influence waste creation and management practices. The study concludes by suggesting decentralization of treatment strategies with the incorporation of all stakeholders, ensuring a comprehensive approach to waste management. This proposed model has been partially implemented in Saharanpur Smart City, with ongoing efforts to increase its effectiveness. The initial results from this partial implementation are promising, indicating that the decentralized model can effectively address the city's waste management challenges. Furthermore, the study suggests that this model has the potential for global expansion, offering a scalable solution to waste management issues in various urban contexts. The need for updated technology in Saharanpur City's sewage treatment is urgent. In the class-II town, outdated facilities result in inefficient waste handling, risking environmental and public health hazards. A decentralized approach could solve this by distributing the load across smaller, localized plants tailored to specific areas' conditions rather than relying on a single overburdened facility. This solution not only improves efficiency through smaller, flexible operations but also reduces risk. Community failures at one plant would no longer endanger the whole system. Decentralization additionally allows for stakeholder involvement essential to initiatives' success and sustainability. Tailored plants address budget and land constraints better than large centralized ones. The comprehensive studies provide a robust foundation for the proposed model. Mapping drainage systems detailed existing infrastructure, identifying needed improvements or expansion. Health surveys highlighted management's impact, emphasizing effective treatment to prevent illness and boost wellness. Waste assessments provided insight into types and quantities, informing customized facility designs. Socioeconomic surveys offered valuable context on how different segments are affected, ensuring proposed solutions are ii equitable and inclusive. Surveying different districts found varying waste loads, infrastructure, and community needs. Large centralized plants are infeasible and risk overburdening. Instead, smaller decentralized facilities in each district can handle tailored volumes. Community-led operations and maintenance utilizing local materials and labor maximizes sustainability and accessibility. Targeted plant sitings minimize transport distances and costs. While integrated analysis of the community studies provides a holistic approach to Saharanpur's waste difficulties, ongoing refinement is essential. The decentralized framework incorporates novel practices and technologies to ensure facilities function adequately, but maintaining relevance requires stakeholder involvement. Locals, authorities, and related groups contribute importantly in planning and applying resolutions adapted for regional traits. Early partial execution in Saharanpur Smart City signals the model's potential effectiveness. Preliminary outcomes indicate significant betterment in waste handling, environmental effect reduction, and public health results. These initial victories construct a strong base to broaden and scale approaches within Saharanpur and other cities confronting parallel problems. Constant renovation keeps the framework adjustable and reactive to evolving demands and conditions over time. In closing, this work highlights waste administration's critical role in addressing Saharanpur's tests. Comprehensive information examination, current technology, and stakeholder participation in the planned system offer a practicable and scalable answer to the city's waste issues. Findings and suggestions assist national and global initiatives improving practices and public health and ecological results. Continued analysis, execution, and dissemination of good strategies intends to meaningfully affect India and beyond. 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z