http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/106 2026-05-07T14:33:37Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20597 Title: BENCHMARKING OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL - “CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL” IN INDIA Authors: Thackray, Subodh Abstract: The main cause of death for children under five is drinking and sanitation, with more than 800 children every day suffering from diarrhoeal diseases triggered by bad hygiene. Water and sanitation are important to the achievement of sustainable development priorities, including good health and equality between the sexes. 0 We can manage our energy and food better by managing our water sustainably, and contribute to paying jobs and growth in economy. In addition, we can preserve our water ecosystems, their biodiversity and act on climate change. The prices are enormous – for both the people and the government. Every year more than 2 million people die from diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. Poor sanitation and contaminated water accounts for almost 90 per cent of these deaths which mainly impacts girls. 4.3 per cent of sub-Saharan African GDP costs the economic impact of not investing in water and sanitation. According to Wolrd Bank’s Estimation, 6.4% GDP of India is wasted due to lack of basic sanitation and proper water supply. Without improved facilities and governance, hundreds of thousands of people will continue to die each year and additional losses in biodiversity and resilience to the ecosystem will result, weakening prosperity and efforts to a more sustainable future. SDGs have concentrated on improving international co-operation and capacity building in water and sanitation-related programs and ventures and on offering assistance to local communities in the development of hygiene and water safety. With Goal 6, over the next 15 years, the countries of the world have agreed to achieve equal access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation and hygiene for everyone. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20588 Title: INTEGRATED RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM FOR A REMOTE HILLY AREA Authors: Singh, Abhishek Kumar Abstract: The major necessity of Integrated renewable energy system (IRES) is to coordinate different energy forms to the requirements of a rural area in a proficient and affordable way. This system uses at least two environmentally friendly power sources, transformation advances, and end-use advances to give an assortment of requirements. Demands incorporate cooking, consumable and homegrown water, water for irrigation, power for lights, correspondence, cold stockpiling also instructive purposes. This methodology needs purposeful also determined techniques for coordinating necessities and accessible assets to augment the advantages and productivity. Various contributions to IRES are of various structures as are the different yields. This system might be associated with a central grid or can be independent. A definitive objective of IRES is to coordinate the advantages at client end. Rural areas have benefited from the introduction of IRES. There are a lot of socioeconomic consequences. It improves the life style and social welfare by providing essential necessities including such biofuels for food , household and agricultural water, as well as electric power for illumination, correspondence, storage facilities, academic, and limited processing industries. The aim of this study is to optimize the cost of the component of IRES using HOMER. A remote rural area named Tarula with a population of 192 people living in 46 households is used as a cost analysis and optimization case study. The development of mathematical models for key IRES components such as biogas , hydropower , wind generators, PV systems, and battery banks has been done. On optimization using HOMER software the overall capital expense of an optimum IRES system is $487,726, The annual operational expense is about $14505. For a lifetime time frame, the absolute net present expense (NPC) is $675244. The estimated cost of energy (COE) is $0.865 per kWh. 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20587 Title: Optimization and Congestion Management in Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Network Authors: Mehra, Arun Singh Abstract: As fossil fuel resources are depleting, renewable energy resources are emerging as new sources of energy. Distributed energy resource technologies like photovoltaic solar systems, energy storage systems are connected to the grid, making the consumers of energy prosumers. Prosumers can participate in selling and buying of energy and can trade with the grid but also among themselves. This new direct trading of energy is called Peer-to-Peer energy trading, which encourages prosumers for more self-consumption. This dissertation report addresses the pricing mechanism and optimization models. With internal pricing model developed in this report, Photovoltaic prosumers can easily trade with each other. The optimization model developed in this report help prosumer to get maximum benefits of P2P energy trading instead selling energy to the utility grid. The peer-to-peer optimization model decreases the transmission losses in transmitting power among photovoltaic prosumers. This report also presents a congestion management technique for relieving the congested line with the help of series compensation reactance. 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20586 Title: PLACEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION IN A RURAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF DOLAKHA DISTRICT NEPAL Authors: Sah, Dinesh Kumar Abstract: The population in the world is increasing day by day due to which the energy demand is also in increasing trend. For the fulfillment of this growing demand, there is a need of an efficient energy generation system along with increased generation. The distributed generation may be one of the solutions for this increasing trend of demand. A distributed generation is a small generation unit with capacities varying from a few kW to 10’s of MW. A renewable energy-based distributed generation becomes extremely attractive due to their significant ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease the dependency on fossil fuels in addition to power generation utilities to fulfill the increasing demand of power at the customer’s site with minimum transmission and distribution losses. One of the least developed countries, Nepal, where the electricity supply system is still unreliable and of poor quality, while there has a lot of potential for electricity generation in the country, but still, electricity is imported from India to meet the load demand. More than 75% of the population living in rural areas and the power losses in the rural electricity supply system is very high due to the very sparse load in a wide range of area. This may cause a higher voltage drop and poor voltage profile in the distribution networks. While the areas having abundant renewable energy resources and the demand is very low. The distributed generation which generates electricity at the distribution level near to the load/demand may rectify these issues. The main objective of this dissertation work is to find the optimal location and size of DG units in a rural radial distribution network of Dolakha district, Nepal. Optimal size and bus location for the placement of DG is based on system power loss minimization and voltage profile improvement approach. Determining the optimal DG locations and the sizes in a real-time scenario is quite hard because of the various system constraints. The proposed site having the potential for power generation from some renewable energy resources. In this study, the backward/forward sweep method has been used for load flow analysis, voltage-sensitive analysis has been done for defining the optimal bus location and genetic algorithm (GA) has been used for determining the optimal size of DG sources in the distribution network. The real-time demand data has been used for the calculation of energy losses before and after optimization. 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z