http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/19283 2026-04-21T12:55:03Z 2026-04-21T12:55:03Z Mahendra, Rouchin http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20186 2026-04-05T08:07:53Z 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: SYNTHESIS & STUDY OF METAL DIELECTRIC THIN FILMS FOR OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND DEVICES Authors: Mahendra, Rouchin Abstract: Thin film technology is an extensive area of study that deals with surface modifications of coatings in respect to the bulk. Thin film technology covers a wide variety of thicknesses, ranging from a few nanometers to a few microns. Optical thin films embrace the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the underlying multilayer thin-film structure. A thin film must be within a particular thickness range, often a few tens of nanometers, in order to be used in optics. Depending on the application, optical thin films can have a broad range of compositions, ranging from metallic to dielectric materials such as oxide, oxynitrides, or nitrides. In the realm of light management, optical thin films are frequently used in products that operate in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared wavelength range, such as mirrors, lenses, optical windows, beamsplitters, filters, etc. In this case, the role of the thin film is to alter the reflection, transmission, and refraction of light with respect to the behaviour of the bare substrate. In this thesis, I am only intrigued by the use of thin film in optics, primarily optical thin-film for electro-optical (EO) systems. I emphasized on the application of thin film in the development of optical filters such as linear variable optical filters and dichroic coatings for beam splitters for different EO systems. In the military, paramilitary, intelligence, security, aerospace, and space applications, electrooptic sensors are frequently utilized. The use for visible and infrared imaging technology includes telescopes, satellite imaging systems, laser processing systems, missile seekers, infrared cameras. The optical, electronic, and mechanical modules constitute the electro-optical systems. The electrical module is made up of detectors, an electronics card, a power supply, etc., whereas the optical module is consisting of an entire optical system. Engineers simulate how a sensor can detect and identify objects at a distance under varied optical conditions while designing electro-optic systems. Environmental variables such atmospheric interference, background temperature, obscurants on the battlefield, and visible and invisible light levels are taken into account when modelling performance for object detection and recognition. The optical module consists of large number of optical components, and the performance of the optical system depends upon the performance of thin film coating for individual components. If we consider an EO system which has a visible sensor only and consists of ten optical components made of borosilicate glass. The transmission output of the optical module with uncoated optics will be only 43% of the input radiance There is a loss of 57% in the transmission output. Now if we perform anti-reflection coating on all the surface of optics, with a maximum transmission of 99% on single optics. The performance of the optics module will now be 90% of the input radiance. The performance of the optics module in the infrared region become more worst when using uncoated optics. If we consider an EO system which has only two silicon optics components. The uncoated single silicon optics will transmit 54% of the input radiation. The performance of the infrared optics module will be only 29% of the input radiance. Only 29% of the input radiance reaches the infrared sensor. The anti-reflection coating on the silicon optics in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) region can improve the transmission from 54% to 97%. Thus, the performance of the same system will now be 94%. There are different kind of filters where optical thin film places an important role in the performance of the imaging or detection systems. In the present thesis we have highlighted two different kinds of filters where thin film plays an important role in defining the performance of the EO systems. The first one is linear variable optical filter and another important filter for any EO system is beam-splitter.

2023-10-01T00:00:00Z Ravikant http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/20079 2026-03-29T06:12:54Z 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED METAL NITRIDE ELECTRODES FOR ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS Authors: Ravikant Abstract: Developing new materials with high performance is essential to obtain efficient electrochemical energy storage devices. The excellent properties of nano-materials provide unique opportunities to achieve highly efficient electrochemical energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. The physical properties, such as a large surface area and novel size effects of nanostructured materials, highly improve the efficiency of such electrochemical energy storage devices. Nanostructured materials are becoming essential in developing electrochemical storage devices. In recent years, enormous research has been done to design and develop energy storage devices based on nanostructure materials, including supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells, to fulfill the energy requirement for current and next-generation. Among all these energy storage devices, the electrochemical supercapacitor is considered an intermediate between batteries and conventional capacitors due to its long life span, high power density, and good charging/discharging characteristics. Supercapacitors are of two types; the first is known as electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC), which store charge by adsorbing electrons onto the electrolyte-electrode double layer, whereas the second is pseudo-capacitors store the charge by faradic and non-faradaic mechanisms. Like the battery, a complete supercapacitor device has four main parts: cathode (positive electrode), anode (negative electrode), electrolyte, and separator. Among four, active electrodes finalize the performance and cost of the SCs, and nanostructured functional materials proved to be a worthy choice. In the current scenario, transition metal oxide, carbides, nitrides, and phosphides-based electrodes have gotten enormous attention due to their unique physio-chemical properties such as hardness, chemical durability, high conductivity, wear, and corrosion resistance. These properties make them encouraging and promising electrode materials for application purposes in SCs. The main problem in most oxide-active materials is their relatively low electrical conductivity, obstructing their performance rate. Non-oxide functional materials with ultra-hydrophilicity and high conductivity, including sulfides and carbides, have a significant drawback because their maximum sweep rate is limited to 1 Vs−1. Metal nitrides, such as titanium nitride (TiN), demonstrate excellent hardness, higher conductivity, and stability than their respective carbides (TiC) and offer high-energy storage.

2022-11-01T00:00:00Z Malik, Gaurav http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/19543 2026-03-11T14:40:37Z 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDE THIN FILMS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC AND ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES Authors: Malik, Gaurav Abstract: Na􀁑􀁒-􀁗ech􀁑􀁒l􀁒g􀁜 i􀁖 a􀁑 i􀁑􀁗e􀁕di􀁖ci􀁓li􀁑a􀁕􀁜 a􀁕e􀁑a 􀁒f 􀁓h􀁜􀁖ic􀁖 a􀁑d 􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial 􀁖cie􀁑ce f􀁒􀁕 􀁗he 􀁖􀁜􀁑􀁗he􀁖i􀁖 􀁒f 􀁑a􀁑􀁒-􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖. Thi􀁖 b􀁕a􀁑ch i􀁖 i􀁑􀁗e􀁑ded 􀁗􀁒 c􀁒􀁐􀁓􀁕ehe􀁑d 􀁗he i􀁐􀁓􀁒􀁕􀁗a􀁑􀁗 􀁓􀁕􀁒􀁓e􀁕􀁗ie􀁖 a􀁑d 􀁗he fab􀁕ica􀁗i􀁒􀁑 􀁒f 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁖􀁗􀁕􀁘c􀁗􀁘􀁕e􀁖 i􀁑 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖. I􀁑 la􀁖􀁗 􀁗h􀁕ee decade􀁖, 􀁖e􀁙e􀁕al di􀁖c􀁒􀁙e􀁕ie􀁖 ha􀁙e bee􀁑 􀁐ade i􀁑 􀁗he field 􀁒f 􀁑a􀁑􀁒-􀁖cie􀁑ce i􀁑 􀁗e􀁕􀁐􀁖 􀁒f 􀁖􀁜􀁑􀁗he􀁖i􀁖 􀁒f 􀁘􀁑i􀁔􀁘e 􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖 a􀁑d 􀁗hei􀁕 􀁘􀁗ili􀁝a􀁗i􀁒􀁑 f􀁒􀁕 􀁙a􀁕i􀁒􀁘􀁖 a􀁓􀁓lica􀁗i􀁒􀁑􀁖. N􀁘􀁐e􀁕􀁒􀁘􀁖 e􀁛􀁓e􀁕i􀁐e􀁑􀁗al 􀁖􀁜􀁖􀁗e􀁐􀁖 ha􀁙e bee􀁑 i􀁑􀁙e􀁑􀁗ed f􀁒􀁕 􀁗he 􀁖􀁜􀁑􀁗he􀁖i􀁖 􀁒f 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖 􀁚i􀁗h 􀁘􀁑i􀁔􀁘e a􀁑d de􀁖i􀁕ed 􀁓􀁕􀁒􀁓e􀁕􀁗ie􀁖. The􀁖e e􀁛􀁓e􀁕i􀁐e􀁑􀁗al 􀁗ech􀁑i􀁔􀁘e􀁖 ha􀁙e gi􀁙e􀁑 bi􀁕􀁗h 􀁗􀁒 􀁙a􀁕i􀁒􀁘􀁖 ki􀁑d 􀁒f 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖, 􀁗􀁜􀁓icall􀁜 di􀁐e􀁑􀁖i􀁒􀁑ali􀁗􀁜 (D) cla􀁖􀁖ified i􀁑􀁗􀁒 􀁗h􀁕ee cla􀁖􀁖e􀁖: 0, 1, 2 a􀁑d 3-D. 0-D 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁖􀁗􀁕􀁘c􀁗􀁘􀁕e􀁖, 􀁚he􀁕e 􀁗he 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁓a􀁕􀁗icle􀁖 a􀁕e i􀁖􀁒la􀁗ed f􀁕􀁒􀁐 each 􀁒􀁗he􀁕 􀁖􀁘ch a􀁖 􀁔􀁘a􀁑􀁗􀁘􀁐 d􀁒􀁗􀁖 [1, 4]. 1- D 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁖􀁗􀁕􀁘c􀁗􀁘􀁕e􀁖, 􀁚he􀁕e a􀁗 lea􀁖􀁗 􀁒􀁑e 􀁒f 􀁗he D d􀁕i􀁙e􀁖 i􀁑 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁖cale 􀁕a􀁑ge (􀁑􀁐) a􀁕e highl􀁜 􀁘􀁗ili􀁝ed i􀁑 􀁐􀁘l􀁗i􀁓􀁘􀁕􀁓􀁒􀁖e a􀁓􀁓lica􀁗i􀁒􀁑􀁖 [5]. 2-D 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁖􀁗􀁕􀁘c􀁗􀁘􀁕e􀁖, 􀁚he􀁕e 􀁗hi􀁑 fil􀁐􀁖 lie i􀁑 􀁗he 2 D 􀁖􀁗􀁕􀁘c􀁗􀁘􀁕e􀁖 a􀁕e 􀁙e􀁕􀁜 􀁘􀁖ef􀁘l i􀁑 􀁑a􀁑􀁒-de􀁙ice a􀁓􀁓lica􀁗i􀁒􀁑􀁖 [6-8] a􀁑d 3-D 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖 i􀁑cl􀁘de 􀁓􀁒􀁚de􀁕􀁖, 􀁐􀁘l􀁗ila􀁜e􀁕􀁖 e􀁗c. Se􀁐ic􀁒􀁑d􀁘c􀁗i􀁑g 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖 a􀁕e 􀁒􀁑e 􀁒f 􀁗he 􀁙al􀁘ed cla􀁖􀁖 􀁒f 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖. A 􀁖e􀁐ic􀁒􀁑d􀁘c􀁗􀁒􀁕 (SC) i􀁖 a 􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial 􀁚i􀁗h elec􀁗􀁕icall􀁜 ac􀁗i􀁙e i􀁑 􀁐ag􀁑i􀁗􀁘de be􀁗􀁚ee􀁑 i􀁑􀁖􀁘la􀁗􀁒􀁕 a􀁑d c􀁒􀁑d􀁘c􀁗􀁒􀁕􀁖. The􀁜 ha􀁙e g􀁒􀁙e􀁕􀁑ed a 􀁐aj􀁒􀁕 􀁕􀁒le i􀁑 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁖cie􀁑ce a􀁑d 􀁑a􀁑􀁒-􀁗ech􀁑􀁒l􀁒g􀁜 􀁓􀁕􀁒g􀁕e􀁖􀁖i􀁑g 􀁕e􀁖ea􀁕ch, 􀁕e􀁖􀁘l􀁗i􀁑g 􀁑􀁒􀁙el cla􀁖􀁖e􀁖 􀁒f SC􀁖. U􀁖􀁘all􀁜, c􀁘􀁕􀁕e􀁑􀁗 c􀁒􀁑d􀁘c􀁗i􀁒􀁑 i􀁑 c􀁒􀁑d􀁘c􀁗􀁒􀁕􀁖 i􀁖 c􀁒􀁑􀁖ide􀁕ed beca􀁘􀁖e 􀁒f elec􀁗􀁕􀁒􀁑􀁖 􀁒􀁑l􀁜 b􀁘􀁗 i􀁑 􀁖e􀁐ic􀁒􀁑d􀁘c􀁗􀁒􀁕􀁖, i􀁗 i􀁖 affec􀁗ed b􀁜 b􀁒􀁗h elec􀁗􀁕􀁒􀁑 a􀁖 􀁚ell a􀁖 h􀁒le ac􀁗i􀁙i􀁗ie􀁖. A􀁑 􀁘􀁑c􀁒􀁑􀁗a􀁐i􀁑a􀁗ed 􀁖e􀁐ic􀁒􀁑d􀁘c􀁗􀁒􀁕 i􀁖 􀁑a􀁐ed a􀁖 i􀁑􀁗􀁕i􀁑􀁖ic 􀁖e􀁐ic􀁒􀁑d􀁘c􀁗􀁒􀁕. The elec􀁗􀁕ical 􀁓􀁕􀁒􀁓e􀁕􀁗ie􀁖 􀁒f SC ca􀁑 be al􀁗e􀁕ed i􀁑 a c􀁒􀁑􀁗􀁕􀁒lled 􀁚a􀁜 b􀁜 􀁗he addi􀁗i􀁒􀁑 􀁒f 􀁙e􀁕􀁜 􀁐i􀁑􀁒􀁕 a􀁐􀁒􀁘􀁑􀁗􀁖 􀁒f diffe􀁕e􀁑􀁗 􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖 􀁑a􀁐ed d􀁒􀁓a􀁑􀁗􀁖. Thi􀁖 field i􀁖 􀁓􀁕edic􀁗able 􀁗􀁒 􀁒􀁓e􀁑 􀁑e􀁚 􀁒􀁓􀁓􀁒􀁕􀁗􀁘􀁑i􀁗ie􀁖 f􀁒􀁕 􀁖cie􀁑ce a􀁖 􀁚ell a􀁖 􀁗ech􀁑􀁒l􀁒g􀁜 [9, 10]. S􀁜􀁑􀁗he􀁖i􀁖 a􀁑d 􀁗he a􀁓􀁓lica􀁗i􀁒􀁑 􀁓a􀁕􀁗 􀁒f 􀁗he 􀁐e􀁗al 􀁒􀁛ide 􀁑a􀁑􀁒􀁖􀁗􀁕􀁘c􀁗􀁘􀁕e􀁖 i􀁖 􀁒􀁑e 􀁒f 􀁗he 􀁖􀁓ecial cla􀁖􀁖, 􀁚hich bel􀁒􀁑g 􀁗􀁒 􀁑a􀁑􀁒-􀁗ech􀁑􀁒l􀁒g􀁜. Me􀁗al 􀁒􀁛ide􀁖 ha􀁙e bee􀁑 􀁓􀁕􀁒􀁙ed 􀁗􀁒 be 􀁓􀁒􀁗e􀁑􀁗ial ca􀁑dida􀁗e f􀁒􀁕 a 􀁙a􀁕ie􀁗􀁜 􀁒f 􀁕eal- 􀁚􀁒􀁕ld a􀁓􀁓lica􀁗i􀁒􀁑􀁖. The e􀁛celle􀁑􀁗 􀁓h􀁜􀁖ical, che􀁐ical a􀁑d 􀁗he􀁕􀁐al 􀁖􀁗abili􀁗􀁜 􀁒f 􀁗he􀁖e 􀁐a􀁗e􀁕ial􀁖 all􀁒􀁚 􀁗he􀁐 􀁗􀁒 be e􀁛􀁗e􀁑􀁖i􀁙el􀁜 􀁘􀁖ed i􀁑 􀁙a􀁕i􀁒􀁘􀁖 f􀁘􀁑da􀁐e􀁑􀁗al a􀁑d 􀁗ech􀁑ical a􀁓􀁓lica􀁗i􀁒􀁑􀁖 [11-15].

2020-02-01T00:00:00Z Kumar, Rinku http://localhost:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/19289 2026-03-01T06:46:45Z 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: MULTI-FUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS OF Pr2NiMnO6: MAGNETIC, DIELECTRIC AND ENERGY STORAGE PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH DOUBLE PEROVSKITE Authors: Kumar, Rinku Abstract: Multifunctional properties of double perovskite materials, with the general formula A2BB'O6, have garnered substantial attention due to their intriguing physical characteristics. These features include low-field magnetoresistance, high-temperature ferromagnetism, metal-insulator transitions, spin ordering, phase separation, and multiferroicity which is which make them promising candidates for spintronic device applications. More specifically, ferromagnetic double perovskite oxides with rare earth elements (R2NiMnO6) have emerged as a research focus, promising a plethora of physics and technological applications. The ordering of B-site cations plays a critical role in evoking unique magnetic, dielectric, and electrochemical properties in this environment. Although B-site ordered double perovskites are of paramount interest for their magneto-resistive and ferromagnetic characteristics, synthesizing a perfectly ordered double perovskite system remains challenging, owing to the similarity in ionic radii and oxidation states of different cations at the B-site, leading to mixed crystallographic occupation a phenomenon referred to as "anti-site" disorders. Griffiths phase in these compounds with a large exponent is also observed which may be attribute to the presence of anti-site disorders. These anti-site disorders can engender configurations such as Ni2+–O–Ni2+ and Mn4+–O–Mn4+, resulting in antiferromagnetic interactions in R2NiMnO6. Additionally, anti-site disorders give rise to the formation of antiphase boundaries (APBs), which are a principal contributor to antiferromagnetic coupling. Experimental evidence corroborates the presence of APBs, as indicated by a saturation magnetization (MS) consistently smaller than the expected MS (~5 μB/f.u.). These anti-site disorders exert a profound influence on the properties of double perovskite materials, leading to intriguing phenomena like exchange bias and spin glass behavior. Among the RNMO family, La2NiMnO6 (LNMO) has been extensively studied in both bulk and thin film forms, primarily due to its high Curie temperature (TC ~280 K) and notable magneto-dielectric effects. However, other members, including Pr2NiMnO6 (PNMO), remain less explored. The replacement of La with a smaller rare earth element introduces variations in the (Mn-O-Ni) bond angle, thereby modifying exchange interactions. While polycrystalline bulk PNMO has been investigated extensively for fundamental studies, the preparation of epitaxial thin films has proven to be a complex endeavor. The growth parameters of these films must be meticulously controlled to achieve the ordered double perovskite structure, underscoring the need to establish a reliable process for producing high-quality thin films of these oxides for their integration into emerging technologies. Furthermore, the structural, magnetic, and storage properties of polycrystalline bulk and epitaxial thin films of Pr2NiMnO6 are examined in this study, with a particular focus on the influence of A-site doping on these properties a crucial step in harnessing their potential for device applications. After going through the physics involved in rich magnetic properties of double perovskite compounds it is finalized that, the main objective of the present thesis is to Study the Multi-Functional Applications of Pr2NiMnO6: Magnetic, Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of Rare Earth Double Perovskite. Chapter 1 gives the general introduction of the transition metal oxide, perovskite and double perovskites with a brief description of the origin of magnetism in these compounds. The fundamental physics involved in the magnetic, dielectric and supercapacitive properties of these compounds has been explained. The historical background of the double perovskite materials along with the current research efforts in these materials has been discussed. Among them, the rich physical properties and technological applications of R2NiMnO6 family of double perovskites have been discussed in detail. The origin of magnetism in this compound along with magnetic moment and magnetic interacions have been discussed in details. Then, a brief discussion has been done on the existence of spin glass effect, magnetic anisotropy, Griffith phase, exchange bias and antisite disorders in this compound, which are responsible for the origin of fascinating phenomena. Furthermore, importance of double perovskite in the field of energy storage, dielectric, and electronics have been discussed in detail. A literature survey has been done on the bulk Pr2NiMnO6 as well as bulk and thin films of other compounds of this family. Chapter 2 discusses the synthesis and Characterization techniques used throughout the present thesis work. During this research work, solid state method is adopted to synthesize the bulk material. The details about solid state method have been discussed in this chapter. Further, the details about the fabrication of the thin film using Pulsed Laser deposition technique has been given. Moreover, this is followed by the description of working principles of various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), Reciprocal space map (RSM), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), RAMAN and Physical Property Measurement Systems (PPMS) which include Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Ac susceptibility, specific heat and Impedance measurements. Further, the details about the fabrication of the supercapacitor electrode has been given. In the end, the working principles of electrochemical measurement techniques (Cyclic voltammetry, Galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) have been discussed Chapter 3 discusses the synthesis of polycrystalline compound and study its structural magnetic and thermal properties. The present studies are based on Pr2MnNiO6 polycrystals with a considerable amount of anti-site disorder. A reduced TC~203 K, preceded by Griffith`s phase between 230 and 203 K is observed. Magnetization at 5 K in a field of 5 Tesla attains a lower value of 3.7B. The imaginary part of ac susceptibility ((T)) exhibits a frequency-dependent peak in the range 60-90 K corresponding to freezing temperature (Tf). Studies based on critical slowing down reveal that the system enters a re-entrant spin glass state with a large time constant of ~10-4 s. The spin-glass behavior is also supported by a very slow decay of thermo-remnant magnetization. Specific heat analysis reveals a broad Schottky anomaly near 10 K, along with a linear spin-glass like term which gets suppressed in a field of 5 Tesla. Chapter 4 investigates the dielectric and magneto-dielectric properties of the monoclinic bulk phase of double perovskite Pr2NiMnO6 (PNMO) as a function of the frequency and temperature. The dielectric permittivity is independent of frequency at low-temperature (less than 100 K) however, the dielectric relaxation peaks occur at high temperatures in the frequency range of 997 Hz- 997999 Hz. The peaks in dielectric relaxation spectra (tan δ) of PNMO increase gradually with temperatures from 112 K to 197 K as a function of frequency. Fine relaxation peaks are observed for dielectric relaxor behavior due to the existence of the dipole moment of the PNMO molecules. This dielectric relaxation of PNMO can be explained in terms of the electron hopping between different transition metal ions and could be well-explained by Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization effect. The dielectric strength, conductivity, distribution parameters, and conductivity have been analyzed by using the Cole-Cole fitting curve. The magnetic and dielectric properties of the PNMO sample have been investigated as a function of the external stimuli such as magnetic and electric field which contributes to charge transfer mobility and enhancing the ionic conductivity of ferromagnetic materials. Chapter 5 discusses an experimental realization of an instance of strain disorder and biaxial strain in the thin film of double perovskite Pr2NiMnO6, which shows a signature of two distinct ferromagnetic orders together with a local crystal symmetry distortion. In this study, we grow the epitaxial thin layers of varying thickness on different substrates, which were examined in detail with high-resolution x-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopic, and magnetic measurements. We observed an additional phonon excitation in Raman spectroscopic studies and higher values of saturation magnetization, which in turn confirms the stabilization of the cationic site-ordered double perovskite structure in our thin films.Chapter 6, we developed a novel approach for creating binder-free transparent supercapacitors (Trans-SC) that balance high energy density with optical transparency. Using double perovskite PNMO thin-film electrodes on a conductive indium-doped tin oxide substrate, we constructed a binder-free optically transparent symmetric supercapacitor through pulsed laser deposition. The PNMO thin-film exhibited remarkable optical transmittance of 70%. Our investigation of the electrode’s electrochemical behavior in a KOH electrolyte confirmed their transparency remained unaffected. The binder-free Trans-SC achieved a high areal capacitance of 50 mF cm–2 at 1 mA cm–2 and a maximum areal energy density of 10 mW h cm–2, with excellent cycling stability even after 20,000 charging–discharging cycles. These findings position the binder-free Trans-SC as a promising energy storage solution for transparent electronic devices, advancing the field of transparent energy storage technologies. Chapter 7 concluded the present work and contains the findings from the present research work as well as the scope of future work.

2024-03-01T00:00:00Z